HOW CHINA AND JAPAN DEVELOPED MODERN ECONOMIES(400 words,5 para)
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In order to best prepare you for South Carolina State testing, we have DROPPED the Comparison-and-Contrast Essay and REPLACED it with a text dependent analysis essay (TDA) that you will complete in WriteToLearn.
You must write a text-dependent analysis essay on the following prompt:
Title: How China and Japan Developed Modern Economies—CCR 5
Description: Japan and China are Asian countries that now have large, modern economies. Many factors including politics, culture, and outside influences have contributed to each country’s development.
Write an informative essay comparing the factors that have, over time, influenced the economy of each of these countries. Support your essay with evidence from both texts.
*The two texts, Asia and the Pacific: 7.1 China: Transforming Itself and Asia and the Pacific: 7.2 Japan: Tradition and Change are both embedded in the essay prompt in the WriteToLearn program.
You will engage in the writing process throughout Unit 2, beginning in Lesson 8, continuing in Lesson 12 and ending in Lesson 16.
Lesson 8: Beginning the Writing Process
Print out two of the 4 column graphic organizer attached below. Use one for Japan and one for China.
Title the columns: 1) politics, 2) culture, 3) outside influences and 4) economy.
Use this graphic organizer as you read through the two WTL passages for the Japan/China prompt. Write down any textual evidence for these topics and make sure to keep track of what article you retrieved it from.
Lesson 12: Writing the Rough Draft
In this lesson, you will submit the first draft of your TDA essay into WriteToLearn. Write your essay in Microsoft Word (or another compatible word processing program) and then copy and paste it into WriteToLearn. Hit “Get Feedback” and you will receive scores in the categories of Task and Focus, Development of Ideas, Organization, Language and Style and Conventions. There is a rubric below that mirrors the categories that will help to guide your analysis.
Your score for Lesson 3.12 will be based on four factors:
� You have selected the correct writing prompt in WriteToLearn (How China and Japan Developed Modern Economies – CCR 5) and have submitted your first draft in WriteToLearn.
� Your draft has at least 400 words.
� You have included at least five paragraphs (introduction, 3 body paragraphs, and conclusion).
� Your introduction paragraph ends with a THESIS STATEMENT. Please underline your thesis statement in your rough draft.
The grade for your rough draft is only a completion grade. You will receive a 100% for meeting these requirements. You will receive a 0% on this assignment until the requirements are met.
Submit the TDA Rough Draft Checklist to the dropbox in Lesson 12 to signal to your teacher that your rough draft has been completed in WriteToLearn.
Here are some tips for your TDA essay as you write your rough draft:
· Introduction should end with a three-part thesis statement, which should be one sentence including your subject, claim and three supporting points.
· Use your thesis statement to organize your essay—each supporting point in your thesis should be a body paragraph.
· Topic sentences for each body paragraph should be explicit and clearly relate to your thesis statement.
· Body paragraphs must include text evidence from both texts. Use your prewriting to assist you with supporting evidence.
· In the conclusion, wrap up your essay and restate the thesis.
· Write in 3rd person—use “he”, “she”, “they”. Refrain from using 1st or 2nd person point of view—do NOT use “I” or “you” in your writing. Your point of view should be objective.
Between Lesson 12 and Lesson 16, students will revise and edit their essay to create a final draft in WriteToLearn. Students have up to 12 attempts to revise and edit their essay in the WriteToLearn program. Do not waste these attempts by making minor changes and clicking "Get Feedback". (One spelling correction will most likely not improve your Conventions score, for example.) You should make an effort on each draft to use the feedback to improve your essay. If you complete 7-8 revisions and cannot get your scores up, contact me so we can set up a conference.
THIS COULD HELP
Japan: Tradition and Change
I n the 1990s, employees of Japanese companies would gather to sing the company song. One song included the words, “Let's put our strength and minds together . . . grow, industry, grow, grow, grow!” A Japanese car company handed out a weekly newsletter that included pep talks to help its employees work more efficiently. Another Japanese car company held an Idea Expo each year. Employees competed in designing unique vehicles. The event reminded workers that each new product is the result of a company-wide team effort.
Harmony and teamwork are important in the Japanese way of life. Tradition and change are also important. Present-day Japan is a modern, urban country where traditional ways blend with the new.
A robot demonstration in Japan
Building a Developed Economy
Once Japan finally opened its ports to other countries in the 1800s, it welcomed new ideas and inventions from the West. For years, the Japanese worked to build major industries. By the 1920s, Japan had become an important manufacturing country.
Japan's Economy After World War II
After World War II ended in 1945, however, Japan was in ruins. The United States helped to rebuild Japan's industries. In addition, the Japanese government helped industries by giving them subsidies. A subsidy is money given by a government to assist a private company. This allowed companies to build large factories and sell more goods, which boosted the country's economy.
High-Technology Industries
Since the 1960s, Japan has produced some of the world's most modern industrial robots. By the 1970s, the Japanese were making more watches and cameras than the Swiss and the Germans. By the 1980s, Japan made and sold a large share of the world's cars, electronic goods, skiing gear, and bicycles. Japan also produced huge amounts of steel, ships, televisions, and CDs.
In addition, Japanese companies improved existing products. For example, the videocassette recorder (VCR) was invented in the United States. But production costs for making VCRs in the United States were thought to be too high. A Japanese company bought the invention. Japan today is a leading maker of VCRs.
Japanese companies also had new ideas of their own. You are probably familiar with portable stereos and small, hand-held electronic games. These products were invented by the Japanese. In 1983, a European company and a Japanese company introduced the first compact disc. Working with European and American companies, Japanese companies also developed the digital video disc (DVD).
Japan's Robotics Industry Above, a Japanese robotics designer watches as a humanoid robot steps over a barrier. Increased robot use may be one solution for Japan's labor shortage.
Successes and Challenges
By the 1980s, Japan had one of the world's largest and strongest economies. Japan's economy depended on exporting its products to the rest of the world. Americans and Europeans eagerly bought Japanese products—particularly cars, television sets, and electronics. Yet Japanese people did not buy many goods from America and Europe.
Other countries grew angry because even though they bought many Japanese products, the Japanese did not buy theirs. This led to poor trade relations between Japan and other countries. On top of that, in the early 1990s, the Japanese economy suffered a severe recession. A recession is a period of time when an economy and the businesses that support it shrink, or make less money. To overcome the recession, some companies began laying off their employees. Unemployment in Japan rose.
Japan still has one of the largest economies in the world, even though its economy continued to decline into 2003. Manufacturing remains an important part of Japan's economy. Today, however, more people work in Japan's service industries than in manufacturing. Service industries include jobs in banking, communications, sales, hotels, and restaurants. More of the country's wealth comes from service industries as well.
Inspecting a turbine in Yokohama, Japan (first photo); a Japanese-made electronic book reader (second photo)
Life in Japan
Harmony, ceremony, and order have long been important in Japanese culture. Japanese people have generally followed these traditional values. While the past is honored, however, new ways of living and working have been introduced in Japan. The result is a modern culture with features that are unique to the country.
Working Together
Working together as a group has long been a tradition in Japan. One way Japanese manufacturing companies have worked together is by forming keiretsu (kay ret soo). This is a Japanese term that describes a group of companies that join together to work toward one another's success. Some keiretsu included the companies that make goods, the companies that provide the raw materials for those goods, and the companies that sell the goods. The Japanese car industry has followed this model. Although still part of the country's economy, keiretsu have been joined by a growing number of small businesses.
Changing Roles
The role of marriage is another example of tradition and change in Japan. Marriage has been the most acceptable social position for a Japanese man or woman. Today, however, more and more Japanese men and women are choosing not to marry or to delay marriage. One result is that Japan's birthrate is low. A country's birthrate measures the number of live births each year per 1,000 people.
The role of Japanese women in the work force has changed, too. Before World War II, few women in Japan worked outside the home. Today, there are more Japanese women working full time or part time than women who stay at home full time.
Although about half of Japan's work force is made up of women, men hold most of the management positions. In 2003, women headed just 5 percent of the companies in Japan. This compared with more than 40 percent of U.S. companies being headed by women.
Facing the Future
As Japan heads into the future, its challenge is to find a way of maintaining its wealth. One of the resources a country needs to produce goods and services is labor. Labor is the work people do for which they are paid. Japan does not have a growing labor force of young workers. In the United States and Europe, a steady supply of immigrants helps keep the labor force growing. In the past, Japan has limited immigration.
Japan's low birthrate affects the labor force. Fewer and fewer workers have to support an aging population no longer working. This makes the cost of producing goods and services higher in Japan than in countries with growing populations.
Japanese Students Like American schoolchildren, these Japanese students enjoy clowning for the camera. Most public school students in Japan wear uniforms.
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AND
China: Transforming Itself
I n 1985, the total number of cars, buses, and trucks in all of China was about 320,000. Most people in cities rode bicycles or walked to get around. In 2001, the number of cars, buses, and trucks had grown to 18 million. During that time, China had experienced tremendous economic growth.
Changes continue as China works to build its economy. In the past, China's Communist government tightly controlled the economy. Today, however, China is in the process of moving toward an economy with fewer government controls.
Bicycles remain a major form of transportation in China.
China's Economy, 1949–1980
In 1949, the Chinese Communist party set up a new government with leader Mao Zedong (mow dzuh doong) in charge. Under Mao, the government took over China's economy. Factories, businesses, and farmland came under the government's control.
The Great Leap Forward
In 1958, Mao began a radical , or extreme, program called the “Great Leap Forward.” Its goal was to increase output from farms and factories. The program turned out to be a giant step backward. The Communists rushed to increase production by forcing people to work on large communes. But they ignored the need for experience and planning. For example, they ordered a huge increase in steel production. Thousands of untrained workers built backyard furnaces for making steel and other products. Much of the steel they produced was of poor quality and useless.
The focus on industry took farmers away from farming. At the same time, poor weather destroyed crops, resulting in a severe food shortage. Between 1959 and 1961, an estimated 30 million people died from starvation.
China Under Mao Mao launched the Great Leap Forward in order to improve China's economy. The small photo above shows a poster promoting the program. Mao declared the Cultural Revolution in 1966. In the large photo, Red Guards read a book of Mao's writings.
The Cultural Revolution
In 1966, Mao introduced another radical policy called the Cultural Revolution. His aim was to create a completely new society with no ties to the past. He began by closing schools and urging students to rebel against their teachers and their families. The students formed bands of radicals called Red Guards . These bands destroyed some of China's most beautiful ancient buildings. They beat and imprisoned many Chinese artists, professors, and doctors. Anyone they considered to be against Mao's policies was attacked.
When the Red Guards raged out of control and began to threaten Mao's government, they were imprisoned, too. The Cultural Revolution kept China in turmoil until its conclusion in 1976. Years of chaos left China in disorder, with hundreds of thousands of its citizens dead. The focus on political revolution disrupted China's economic growth.
Taiwan Since 1949
After their defeat by the Communists in 1949, the Nationalists fled to Taiwan, an island 100 miles (161 kilometers) off mainland China's southeast coast. They formed a new government and called their country the Republic of China.
The Nationalists followed the free enterprise system. Under the free enterprise system , people can choose their own jobs, start private businesses, own property, and make profits. Even in the 1950s, Taiwan's free enterprise economy was one of Asia's strongest. The Chinese on Taiwan started programs that increased farm output and brought in more money. This money helped Taiwan build new ports and railroads.
Taiwan also had the support of foreign countries. Both Taiwan and China claimed to be the “real” China. The Communists on mainland China claimed the right to rule Taiwan. The Nationalists on Taiwan claimed the right to rule the rest of China. At first, the United States and other Western countries supported Taiwan. Taiwan sold computers and other electronic products to the rest of the world. Taiwan's economy grew dramatically.
Changes in China
Meanwhile, many Western countries refused to trade with China. At the same time, some of Mao's policies hurt the country. During the 1970s, the Communists realized that they needed new policies in order to improve China's economy and its relations with the rest of the world.
First, China began repairing relations with the West. In 1971, China was allowed to join the United Nations. In 1972, Richard Nixon became the first American president to visit China. This historic trip opened up trade between the two nations.
China launched the world's first magnetic levitation, or maglev, passenger train system. Powerful magnets work to lift and propel the train.
New Leaders
After Mao died in 1976, moderate leaders gained power in China. By 1981, Deng Xiaoping (dung show ping) was leader of China. Deng carried out a program called the Four Modernizations. This program focused on improvements in farming, industry, science, and defense. During the next 20 years, China gradually allowed some free enterprise. Privately owned Chinese factories began to make electronic equipment, clothes, computer parts, toys, and many other products.
New Economic Plans
Under Deng, China set up areas where foreign companies could own and operate businesses. These areas included five “special economic zones” and 14 cities along China's coast. They helped bring in money to China's economy. The Chinese Communist party also allowed some Chinese citizens to run private businesses. By the end of the 1990s, private businesses were producing about 75 percent of China's gross domestic product. Gross domestic product is the total value of all goods and services produced in an economy.
The New China Sun Dong An Plaza in Beijing, China, includes seven floors of stores, a food court, a multiscreen movie complex, and parking for about 500 cars and about 3,500 bicycles.
Hong Kong Returns to China
In 1997, China took back control of Hong Kong, which had been a British colony since the late 1800s. Hong Kong had long been a major center for trade, banking, and shipping. China agreed to allow the economy of Hong Kong to operate without changes for the next 50 years. China also agreed that during this period Hong Kong could largely govern itself.
China Today
Today, China is a major economic power. It has formed good relations with many nations. Yet the government has often been criticized for the way it treats its people. China has one political party, which is the Chinese Communist party. Under China's government, its citizens do not have political freedom.
The Chinese government has used violence against people who have called for a democratic government. In 1989, tens of thousands of people gathered in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China's capital, to demand greater political freedoms. When the people refused to leave, the government sent in tanks and troops. Thousands of people were killed or wounded.
Many nations question how they should relate to a country with such a poor human rights record. Still, most of them continue to remain trade partners with China. China's population makes it a huge market for goods, and China manufactures many items for other countries. In 2003, Hu Jintao became China's president and leader of the Chinese Communist party. Experts on China expected Hu to keep developing an economy with fewer government controls. With the Chinese Communist party firmly in control, however, the country's political system was not expected to change.
The point of Ms. Sue's question was that YOU must read your text and understand it. Maybe she was too subtle.
Anyway, once you've read and understood your text, you should be ready to decide on a thesis statement. THEN you'll be ready to write a 5-paragraph paper on your topic.
https://leo.stcloudstate.edu/acadwrite/thesistatement.html
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/five_par.htm
OOk
To understand how China and Japan developed their modern economies, it is important to consider historical and cultural factors that shaped their paths. Here's an explanation on how each country achieved economic growth and development:
1. China:
China's modern economic development can be traced back to the late 1970s when the country embarked on economic reforms under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping. These reforms, known as the "Opening-up and Reform" policy, aimed to transition from a centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented system.
One key aspect of China's economic success has been its focus on attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) and building export-oriented industries. Special Economic Zones (SEZs) were established, offering favorable tax benefits and incentives to foreign companies. This helped China become the world's largest exporter of goods.
Additionally, China invested heavily in infrastructure development, such as building roads, railways, and ports. This infrastructure expansion facilitated trade and connected China to global markets. Moreover, the country's large domestic market provided a significant advantage for economic growth.
Another driver of China's economic development is its emphasis on education and human capital. The country has invested heavily in improving its education system, producing a skilled and competitive workforce.
2. Japan:
Japan's modern economic development can be traced back to the Meiji Restoration in the late 19th century. During this period, Japan underwent a series of political and social reforms, including the abolishment of feudalism and the adoption of Western ideas and technologies.
One crucial factor in Japan's economic success is its commitment to industrialization. The government played a prominent role in guiding the economy, encouraging the establishment of a range of industries. These industries, such as textiles, steel, and shipbuilding, formed the foundation of Japan's industrial power and export capacity.
Japanese companies also embraced a philosophy of continuous improvement and innovation. This approach, known as "Kaizen," allowed them to remain competitive in global markets. Furthermore, Japan developed a reputation for high-quality products, which contributed to its export success.
An important aspect of Japan's economic development was its focus on education and skill development. The country emphasized universal education and invested in vocational training programs, creating a highly skilled workforce.
Additionally, Japan's strong work ethic, emphasis on efficiency, and long-term planning contributed to its economic success. The government implemented policies to support industries, such as providing access to low-cost capital and protecting domestic industries.
In conclusion, both China and Japan adopted distinct strategies to achieve modern economic development. China focused on attracting FDI, building export-oriented industries, and investing in infrastructure and education. Japan, on the other hand, prioritized industrialization, innovation, education, and government intervention to guide economic growth. These efforts have allowed both countries to become economic powerhouses in their respective regions and global players on the international stage.