17. For most academic writing, the types of evidence preferred include


A. a combination of assertions and first-hand experiences.
B. personal observations and opinions.
C. facts, statistics, and expert testimony.
D. general statements and quotations by well-known individuals.


8. _______ is a method of narrowing a topic through subdividing it into subtopics, choosing one and subdividing it further until you've settled on a topic that is interesting, appropriate, and manageable.

A. Processing
B. Mapping
C. Outlining
D. Branching

20. Carmen asserts that a strong conclusion to an essay should look ahead and present a call for action. Carl agrees, except he also insists that a strong conclusion should restate the thesis verbatim. Who is correct?

A. Only Carmen is correct.
B. Both Carmen and Carl are correct.
C. Neither Carmen nor Carl is correct.
D. Only Carl is correct

17. C. facts, statistics, and expert testimony.

8. B. Mapping

20. B. Both Carmen and Carl are correct

I agree with 17.

For 8, is it mapping or branching? Check your text.

20. I don't think the thesis statement should be repeated verbatim.

To find the answers to these questions, you can follow these steps:

1. Read the question carefully to understand what is being asked.
2. Look for keywords in the question that can help you identify the key information.
3. Review the options provided and eliminate any clearly incorrect answers.
4. Analyze the remaining options and choose the one that is the most accurate response to the question.

Let's go through each question and explain the reasoning behind the correct answers:

17. The question asks about the types of evidence preferred in academic writing. To answer this, you need to analyze the options. A and B (combining assertions and personal observations/opinions) are not considered strong evidence in academic writing as they lack objectivity. D (general statements and quotations by well-known individuals) may be used, but it is not the preferred type of evidence. The correct answer is C (facts, statistics, and expert testimony), as these types of evidence provide objective and reliable information.

8. The question asks about a method of narrowing a topic. To find the answer, you need to understand the options. Outlining (C) is a common method of organizing ideas but not specifically for narrowing a topic. Processing (A) does not directly relate to narrowing a topic. Branching (D) can be associated with brainstorming and generating ideas but not with narrowing a topic. The correct answer is B (Mapping), as it involves subdividing and selecting subtopics to narrow down to an interesting and manageable topic.

20. This question is a matter of opinion, so you need to analyze the options and determine which one aligns with your understanding of a strong conclusion. Carmen asserts that a strong conclusion should look ahead and present a call for action, which can be effective in prompting a response. Carl adds that a strong conclusion should restate the thesis verbatim, which can help reinforce the main argument. Both viewpoints have their merits. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Both Carmen and Carl are correct).

Remember, when answering questions, it is essential to carefully read and understand what is being asked, analyze the options, and choose the most accurate and appropriate response based on your knowledge and understanding.

The correct answers are:

17. C. facts, statistics, and expert testimony.
For most academic writing, the preferred types of evidence include facts, statistics, and expert testimony. These forms of evidence provide credibility and support for the arguments being made.

8. B. Mapping
Mapping is a method of narrowing a topic by subdividing it into subtopics and choosing one to further subdivide until a manageable and interesting topic is selected. This helps in organizing thoughts and ideas before starting the writing process.

20. B. Both Carmen and Carl are correct.
A strong conclusion to an essay can look ahead and present a call for action, as Carmen asserts. Additionally, it can also restate the thesis verbatim, as Carl insists. Both approaches can be effective in different situations, and there is no one correct way to conclude an essay.