Suppose a liquid's starting temperature is 35 degree celsius. and its ending temperature is 20 degree celsius. Explain what happens to each form of internal energy.
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In this scenario, the liquid's starting temperature is 35 degrees Celsius and its ending temperature is 20 degrees Celsius. When the temperature of a substance changes, it affects the different forms of internal energy that the substance possesses.
Let's break down the different forms of internal energy and see what happens:
1. Kinetic Energy: Kinetic energy is the energy associated with the motion of particles within the substance. As the liquid's temperature decreases from 35 degrees Celsius to 20 degrees Celsius, the kinetic energy of the particles decreases. This is because at a lower temperature, the particles move with less average speed or velocity. Hence, the liquid's molecules slow down, and their kinetic energy decreases.
2. Potential Energy: Potential energy refers to the energy stored within the chemical bonds and molecular interactions of the substance. As the temperature of the liquid decreases, the potential energy of the particles also decreases. This is because the molecular interactions become weaker due to decreased thermal agitation caused by lower temperature.
3. Internal Potential Energy: Internal potential energy is related to the arrangement of the particles within the substance. When the temperature decreases, the internal potential energy of the liquid decreases as well. This is because the particles may start to move closer together, resulting in a decrease in the potential energy associated with intermolecular forces.
To summarize, as the liquid's temperature decreases from 35 degrees Celsius to 20 degrees Celsius, the kinetic energy, potential energy, and internal potential energy of the liquid all decrease. This decrease in energy is a result of the decreased motion, weakened molecular interactions, and changes in particle arrangement caused by the lower temperature.