A line of volcanoes occurs along the western coast of South America. Based on the information about plate movement on the map below, which process explains the formation of these volcanoes?
A. subducting of one plate under the other causing melting of the lower plate
B. sliding of one plate sideways past another resulting in friction and melting
C. melting of crust because of plate movement over a “hot spot”
D. rifting of a plate with lava filling in the resulting valley
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To determine the process that explains the formation of the line of volcanoes along the western coast of South America, you can refer to plate movement patterns. Here's how you can go about it:
1. Look for the location of South America on the map.
2. Identify the type of plate boundary where the western coast of South America is located.
3. Analyze the movement of the plates involved in that particular boundary.
4. Determine the process that is most closely associated with that type of plate movement.
Now, let's go through each option provided and evaluate them based on this approach:
A. Subducting of one plate under the other causing melting of the lower plate: This process is associated with a convergent plate boundary, where one plate is forced underneath the other. It results in the formation of volcanoes due to the melting of the subducting plate. Check if this plate movement aligns with the western coast of South America on the map.
B. Sliding of one plate sideways past another resulting in friction and melting: This process describes a transform plate boundary, where plates slide past each other horizontally. It typically does not result in the formation of volcanoes. Check if this plate movement aligns with the western coast of South America on the map.
C. Melting of crust because of plate movement over a "hot spot": This process is associated with a mantle plume, also known as a hot spot. It results in localized volcanic activity and can create a chain of volcanoes, such as the Hawaiian Islands. Check if this aligns with the plate movement near the western coast of South America on the map.
D. Rifting of a plate with lava filling in the resulting valley: This process is associated with a divergent plate boundary, where plates move apart, creating a gap or rift. Lava can fill the resulting valley and lead to the formation of volcanoes. Check if this aligns with the plate movement near the western coast of South America on the map.
By analyzing the options, it is most likely that the correct answer is A. subducting of one plate under the other causing melting of the lower plate. This process aligns with the plate movement occurring at the western coast of South America, which is a convergent plate boundary where the oceanic Nazca Plate is subducting beneath the continental South American Plate, leading to volcanic activity.
Please note that without the map or specific knowledge of the region, it is still advisable to double-check this information to ensure accuracy.
Based on the information about plate movement, the process that explains the formation of the volcanoes along the western coast of South America is:
A. subducting of one plate under the other causing melting of the lower plate.
This process is also known as subduction, where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another plate. As the subducting plate descends into the Earth's mantle, it heats up and undergoes melting, causing magma to rise to the surface and form volcanoes.