which invertebrate made the transition to life on land,they forced two challenges- the first was to avoid drying out and the second was to develop a means to obtain oxygen. which invertebrate made the transition successfully and what adaptations have they evolved to cope with life on land?

For biology questions, you should go to www.khanacademy.org and click on Subjects near the top left corner. Then click on the science subject you need and find the specific topic.

You can make an account for yourself if you want, but you don’t have to.

The invertebrate that successfully made the transition to life on land is the arthropod, more specifically, the insects. Insects have evolved a number of adaptations to overcome the challenges of living on land.

To avoid drying out, insects have developed a waxy outer layer called the cuticle, which acts as a waterproof barrier, preventing water loss through their exoskeleton. In addition, they have small, specialized structures called spiracles located along their body, which allow them to control the opening and closing of their respiratory system, minimizing water loss during respiration.

In terms of obtaining oxygen, insects have evolved a highly efficient respiratory system. They have small, branched tubes called tracheae that extend throughout their body, delivering oxygen directly to the tissues. This system enables them to bypass the need for gills or lungs and efficiently exchange gases with the surrounding air.

Other adaptations that have helped insects cope with life on land include:

1. Jointed appendages: Insects have evolved jointed legs that provide them with mobility and the ability to traverse various terrestrial environments.

2. Flight: Many insects have evolved the ability to fly, allowing them to search for food, mates, and suitable habitats.

3. Metamorphosis: Insects undergo a process called metamorphosis, where they go through distinct developmental stages. This allows them to exploit different resources and habitats at different life stages, enhancing their survival chances.

4. Desiccation resistance: Some insects have adaptations that help them withstand dry conditions, such as the ability to enter a dormant state called diapause or having specialized structures to store water, like fat body reserves.

5. Efficient reproduction: Insects have evolved diverse reproductive strategies, such as laying large numbers of eggs or having complex mating behaviors, contributing to their successful colonization of land.

In summary, insects have successfully adapted to life on land by developing features like a waterproof cuticle, tracheal respiratory system, jointed appendages, flight, metamorphosis, desiccation resistance, and efficient reproductive strategies. These adaptations have enabled them to thrive and become the most diverse and abundant group of organisms on Earth.