1. I believe him to be cruel.

2. He is believed to be cruel by me.

3. I believe him cruel.
4. He is believed cruel by me.
[Are both passive setences grammatical?]

5. People believe Friday the 13th to be an unlucky day.

6. Friday the 13th is believed to be an unlucky day.

7. People believe Friday the 13th an unlucky day.

8. Friday the 13th is believed an unlucky day.

[Are both passive sentences grammatical? Which one is commonly used 'with to be' or 'without to be'?]

1 and 2 are fine. 3 and 4 are ok, but seem clunky!

5 and 6 are fine.

7 and 8 will be good if you add ‘to be’ in each. Do you know where?

.I BELIEVE HIM AS A CRUELEST/CRUEL BOY

.WITH TO BE

1. Yes, both sentences are grammatically correct passive constructions.

2. However, in terms of sentence structure and common usage, the second sentence seems less natural than the first.

3. The use of the verb "believe" in the passive voice can be followed by either an adjective or an adjective phrase.

4. In sentences 1 and 3, "cruel" is being used as an adjective to describe the subject "him."

5. Sentences 2 and 4, on the other hand, use "cruel" as an adjective without the linking verb "to be."

6. Regarding sentences 5 and 6, both are grammatically correct passive constructions.

7. However, the more commonly used form is sentence 6, "Friday the 13th is believed to be an unlucky day."

8. The use of the infinitive verb phrase "to be" in this sentence is more common because it provides a more complete and explicit description of what is believed about Friday the 13th being an unlucky day.

9. Sentences 7 and 8, without "to be," can be considered less common or less idiomatic, but they are still grammatically correct passive constructions.