A toy car (200 g) moves by shooting a plastic ball (50 g) horizontally out the back. The average acceleration of the car is 1.2 m/s2 [E] and there is negligible friction acting on each part of the toy.

(a) Draw an FBD for each object.
(b) Identify the action and reaction forces on each part of the toy.

(a) FBD for the toy car:

- There is a downward force due to the weight of the car (W_car).
- There is a backward force exerted by the plastic ball (F_ball) as it is shot out of the back of the car.
- There is a forward force in the direction of the car's acceleration (F_net).

FBD for the plastic ball:
- There is a downward force due to the weight of the ball (W_ball).
- There is an equal and opposite forward force exerted by the car (F_net).

(b) Action and reaction forces on each part of the toy:
For the toy car:
- Action force: Force exerted on the ball by the car (F_net).
- Reaction force: Force exerted on the car by the ball (equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to F_net).

For the plastic ball:
- Action force: Force exerted on the car by the ball (F_net).
- Reaction force: Force exerted on the ball by the car (equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to F_net).

In order to understand the action and reaction forces on each part of the toy car system, it would be helpful to draw a Free Body Diagram (FBD) for each object involved.

(a) FBD for the toy car:
For the toy car, we consider the forces acting on it. Since there is negligible friction, the only forces acting on the car are the gravitational force (weight) and the force that propels the car forward.

1. Gravitational force (weight):
The weight of an object can be calculated using the formula:
weight = mass x gravity
For the toy car, the weight would be:
weight = 200 g x acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²)
Note: The acceleration due to gravity is usually rounded to 9.8 m/s² for simplicity.

2. Propelling force:
The toy car moves due to the force applied by shooting the plastic ball out of the back. This force is exerted in the opposite direction to the car's motion, providing a forward propulsion. Since the car is accelerating, there must be a net force acting on it. Therefore, the propelling force can be calculated using Newton's second law:
net force = mass x acceleration
For the toy car, the propelling force would be:
net force = mass x acceleration
= 200 g x 1.2 m/s² [E]

(b) FBD for the plastic ball:
Similarly, we can consider the forces acting on the plastic ball.

1. Gravitational force (weight):
As with the car, the plastic ball experiences a gravitational force.

2. Reaction force:
According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the plastic ball is shot out of the back of the car, it exerts a force on the car (action), and an equal and opposite force is exerted by the car on the ball (reaction). This reaction force is what propels the car forward.

So, to summarize the action and reaction forces for each part of the toy car system:
- Toy Car:
- Action force: Force exerted by shooting the plastic ball out of the back.
- Reaction force: Equal and opposite force exerted by the car on the ball.

- Plastic Ball:
- Action force: None (it is not actively applying any force)
- Reaction force: Equal and opposite force exerted by the car on the ball.

By analyzing the FBDs, we can better understand the forces at play in the toy car system.

the forces are equal.

For each force, F=ma