When bunting, a baseball player uses the bat to change both the speed and direction of the baseball. (b) The baseball has a mass of 0.11 kg; its speeds before and after the bunt are 16 m/s and 12 m/s, respectively; and the bunt lasts 0.023 s. What is the change in momentum of the baseball?
What is the average force on the ball by the bat?
force*time=mass*change of velocity
change of velocity considers direction, of course, change of velocity=vf-vi=12-(-16)=28m/s
solve for average force.
To find the change in momentum of the baseball, we can use the equation:
Change in momentum = final momentum - initial momentum
The momentum of an object is given by the equation:
Momentum = mass * velocity
Given that the mass of the baseball is 0.11 kg, the initial velocity is 16 m/s, and the final velocity is 12 m/s, we can now calculate the initial momentum:
Initial momentum = mass * initial velocity
Initial momentum = 0.11 kg * 16 m/s
Initial momentum = 1.76 kg⋅m/s
Similarly, we can calculate the final momentum using the final velocity:
Final momentum = mass * final velocity
Final momentum = 0.11 kg * 12 m/s
Final momentum = 1.32 kg⋅m/s
Now, let's calculate the change in momentum:
Change in momentum = final momentum - initial momentum
Change in momentum = 1.32 kg⋅m/s - 1.76 kg⋅m/s
Change in momentum = -0.44 kg⋅m/s
Therefore, the change in momentum of the baseball is -0.44 kg⋅m/s. The negative sign indicates that the baseball's momentum has decreased.
To find the average force on the ball by the bat, we can use the equation:
Average force = change in momentum / time
Given that the change in momentum is -0.44 kg⋅m/s and the bunt lasts for 0.023 s, we can now calculate the average force:
Average force = -0.44 kg⋅m/s / 0.023 s
Average force = -19.13 N
Therefore, the average force on the ball by the bat is -19.13 Newtons. The negative sign indicates that the force is in the opposite direction of the ball's motion.