1.) Which element has one of the highest electronegativities on the periodic table?
2.) Which element has one electron in a 3p orbital?
3.) Which element tends to gain one electron?
1. F = 4.0, O = 3.5, N=3.0, and Cl = 3.0
2. Any element in Group IVA (Group #6) of the Periodic Table.
3. Any element in Group VIIA (Group #9) on the Periodic table.
1.) To determine which element has one of the highest electronegativities on the periodic table, you can refer to the electronegativity values. Electronegativity measures the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. The electronegativity values are assigned based on the Pauling scale, with fluorine (F) having the highest electronegativity value of 3.98. Therefore, fluorine is the element with one of the highest electronegativities on the periodic table.
2.) To find the element that has one electron in a 3p orbital, you need to know the electronic configuration of the elements. The electronic configuration of an element provides information about the arrangement of electrons in its orbitals. The p orbitals are part of the electron shell with the principal quantum number (n) equal to 3. There are three p orbitals (px, py, and pz), with each orbital capable of holding a maximum of 2 electrons.
When you look at the periodic table, the elements in the p block are the ones that have electrons in the p orbitals. Therefore, you need to identify which element is in the third row (period) of the p block, as this corresponds to having one electron in a 3p orbital. The element in question is phosphorus (P), which has an electronic configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³.
3.) To determine which element tends to gain one electron, you can refer to the concept of electronegativity and electron affinity. Electronegativity, as mentioned earlier, measures an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Electron affinity, on the other hand, specifically refers to the energy change that occurs when an atom gains an electron. Elements with high electron affinity values are more likely to gain electrons.
When looking at the periodic table, the elements in the upper right corner tend to have higher electronegativities and electron affinities, making them more likely to gain electrons. Among these elements, halogens such as fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I) are known to readily gain one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration. Therefore, the element that tends to gain one electron is any of the halogens.