How many valence electrons are shared, gained, or lost by each atom of the six compounds?
• N2 • CCl4 • SiO2
• AlCl3 • CaCl2 • LiBr
please help
To determine the number of valence electrons that are shared, gained, or lost by each atom in a compound, we need to analyze the Lewis structure of the compound and determine the number of valence electrons for each atom.
Here is how you can find the number of valence electrons for each atom in the given compounds:
1. N2: Nitrogen (N) is in Group 15 of the periodic table. It has 5 valence electrons. Since there are two nitrogen atoms in N2, the total number of valence electrons in N2 is 2 × 5 = 10.
2. CCl4: Carbon (C) is in Group 14 and has 4 valence electrons. Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 17 and has 7 valence electrons. Carbon has one chlorine atom bonded to it, so the total number of valence electrons in CCl4 is 4 + (1 × 7) = 11.
3. SiO2: Silicon (Si) is in Group 14 and has 4 valence electrons. Oxygen (O) is in Group 16 and has 6 valence electrons. Since there are two oxygen atoms in SiO2, the total number of valence electrons in SiO2 is 4 + (2 × 6) = 16.
4. AlCl3: Aluminum (Al) is in Group 13 and has 3 valence electrons. Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 17 and has 7 valence electrons. Since there are three chlorine atoms bonded to one aluminum atom, the total number of valence electrons in AlCl3 is 3 + (3 × 7) = 24.
5. CaCl2: Calcium (Ca) is in Group 2 and has 2 valence electrons. Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 17 and has 7 valence electrons. There are two chlorine atoms bonded to one calcium atom, so the total number of valence electrons in CaCl2 is 2 + (2 × 7) = 16.
6. LiBr: Lithium (Li) is in Group 1 and has 1 valence electron. Bromine (Br) is in Group 17 and has 7 valence electrons. The total number of valence electrons in LiBr is 1 + 7 = 8.
In summary:
• N2: Each nitrogen atom shares 3 valence electrons, resulting in a total of 6 shared electrons in the N2 molecule.
• CCl4: The carbon atom shares 4 valence electrons, while each chlorine atom gains 1 valence electron. This results in a total of 4 shared electrons and 4 gained electrons in the CCl4 molecule.
• SiO2: The silicon atom shares 4 valence electrons, while each oxygen atom gains 2 valence electrons. This results in a total of 4 shared electrons and 4 gained electrons in the SiO2 molecule.
• AlCl3: The aluminum atom loses 3 valence electrons, while each chlorine atom gains 1 valence electron. This results in a total of 3 lost electrons and 3 gained electrons in the AlCl3 molecule.
• CaCl2: The calcium atom loses 2 valence electrons, while each chlorine atom gains 1 valence electron. This results in a total of 2 lost electrons and 2 gained electrons in the CaCl2 molecule.
• LiBr: The lithium atom loses 1 valence electron, while the bromine atom gains 1 valence electron. This results in 1 lost electron and 1 gained electron in the LiBr molecule.