The dog's master worked in the workplace. Later he came back home. He saw his dog. He said, "I'm home."

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Can we use 'I'm at home.' in this situation? What is the difference between them?

"I'm home," is a standard thing to say when one arrives home, whether from work or a long trip or whatever. It's similar to saying, "I'm here."

You'd use "I'm at home" if someone asks, "Where are you now?"

Yes, you can use "I'm at home" in this situation. Both phrases, "I'm home" and "I'm at home," convey the same meaning that the person has arrived back at their residence after being away. However, there is a subtle difference in emphasis between the two phrases.

"I'm home" tends to emphasize the fact that the person has returned to their home. It conveys a sense of familiarity and comfort, implying that the person has arrived at a place where they belong.

On the other hand, "I'm at home" focuses more on the physical location of the person. It emphasizes the person's current whereabouts rather than the emotional or personal connotations associated with the word "home."

Both phrases are commonly used and generally convey the same message. The choice between them depends on personal preference and the specific context in which they are used.