why do skin cells need protection from ultraviolet radiation? please could someone help me.
http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/skin_cancer.html
Skin cells need protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation because exposure to excessive amounts of UV radiation can cause harm to the skin. UV radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation that comes from the sun and tanning beds. It is divided into three types: UVA, UVB, and UVC.
When the skin is exposed to UV radiation, it can cause a range of harmful effects, such as sunburn, premature aging, wrinkling, immune suppression, and even skin cancer. Here's why:
1. Sunburn: UVB radiation is primarily responsible for causing sunburn. It damages the DNA in skin cells, leading to inflammation and redness.
2. Premature Aging and Wrinkles: UVA radiation penetrates deep into the skin and damages collagen and elastin fibers. These are essential proteins that provide elasticity and strength to the skin. Over time, this can lead to premature aging, including wrinkles, sagging, and age spots.
3. Immune Suppression: Both UVA and UVB radiation can suppress the immune system in the skin. This weakens the body's natural defenses against infections and skin diseases.
4. Skin Cancer: Excessive exposure to UV radiation is one of the leading causes of skin cancer. UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells, causing genetic mutations that can lead to the uncontrolled growth of cells, forming cancerous tumors.
To protect skin cells from UV radiation, it is important to take the following precautions:
1. Use Sunscreen: Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF (Sun Protection Factor) of 30 or above. This helps to block both UVA and UVB radiation. Reapply every two hours and after swimming or sweating.
2. Seek Shade: Limit your time in direct sunlight, especially during the peak hours of 10 am to 4 pm when the sun's UV rays are strongest.
3. Wear Protective Clothing: Cover exposed skin with long-sleeved shirts, long pants, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses. Dark-colored, tightly woven fabrics offer the best protection.
4. Avoid Tanning Beds: Tanning beds emit UVA and UVB radiation, which can increase the risk of skin damage and cancer. Avoid or limit their use.
By following these protective measures, you can minimize the harmful effects of UV radiation on your skin and keep it healthy. It is advised to consult a healthcare professional for more personalized advice and to perform regular skin self-examinations.