1. What happens to the stack of books if the applied force exceeds the maximum static frictional force?
2. What is the minimum size for the static frictional force, and under what conditions will the minimum static frictional force be observed?
3. What type of friction acts when the books are at rest but a force is exerted?
1. it moves
2. the minimum? zero. It is that if there is no moving force applied.
3. at rest? static friction.
1. If the applied force exceeds the maximum static frictional force between the books and the surface they are resting on, the stack of books will start to move or slide. The force required to overcome static friction is greater than the force of static friction itself, so once that threshold is exceeded, the books will no longer remain stationary.
2. The minimum size for the static frictional force depends on the weight of the objects involved. The minimum static frictional force is observed when the applied force is equal to the maximum static frictional force. This means that the objects are either on the verge of moving or just about to slide.
3. The type of friction that acts when the books are at rest but a force is exerted is known as static friction. Static friction acts in the opposite direction to the applied force and prevents the objects from moving or sliding. It is responsible for keeping the objects at rest and requires an equal or greater amount of force to overcome it. Once the force exceeds the maximum static frictional force, the objects will start to move, and kinetic friction will come into play.
1. When the applied force exceeds the maximum static frictional force, the stack of books will start to move. This is because static friction acts between two surfaces in contact to prevent relative motion. The maximum static frictional force is the maximum force that can be applied before the object starts moving. Once the applied force exceeds this limit, the force of static friction is no longer able to hold back the object, and it will begin to slide or move.
To calculate the maximum static frictional force, you need to know the coefficient of static friction (μs) between the surfaces in contact and the normal force (N) exerted on the object. The formula to find the maximum static frictional force is:
Maximum static frictional force (Fs max) = μs * N
2. The minimum size for the static frictional force occurs when an object is just about to move or is in the state of impending motion. This is known as the minimum static frictional force. It happens when the applied force is equal to the maximum static frictional force.
To find the minimum static frictional force, you need to follow these steps:
- Determine the coefficient of static friction (μs) between the surfaces in contact.
- Calculate the normal force (N) exerted on the object if it's not given.
- Apply an external force or try to push the object.
- Gradually increase the applied force until the object is on the verge of moving.
- The force just before the object starts moving is the minimum static frictional force.
The conditions for observing the minimum static frictional force are that the object must be at rest or in equilibrium, and an external force is being applied but is not large enough to overcome the static friction.
3. The type of friction that acts on the books when they are at rest but a force is exerted is called static friction. Static friction is the frictional force that opposes the initial motion or tendency of motion between two surfaces in contact when there is no relative motion. It acts to prevent the books from sliding or moving when a force is applied but has not yet exceeded the maximum static frictional force.
Static friction can vary in magnitude up to its maximum value, depending on the force being applied, the coefficient of static friction, and the normal force. As long as the force applied is below the maximum static frictional force, the books will remain at rest.