A mixture of benzenoic acid aniline and phenol is dissolved in chroloform and the solution was treated with sodium hydroxide.hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate.show the separation chart,identify the composition of each phase and explain the chemistry of the separatiob process
What happens when you acidify the NaoH solution of benzoic acid with dilute HCL explain any changes in PH
Your post is hard to decipher because you didn't use punctuation (like commas) but I think you have a mixture of these three substances and you treat them SEPARATELY with NaHCO3, HCl and NaOH. I can't do flow charts on this forum and that's too much for me to do anyway. Here is the chemistry and you can put the information together is whatever form your prof wants.
Benzoic acid is a strong acid (well, not that strong but stronger than phenol). So you add HCl to the mixture and that forms the water soluble chloride with aniline. Place in a Sep funnel and separate the water layer. That contains the aniline salt .To what is left you add NaHCO3, it forms the salt with benzoic acid, use a sep funnel, the water layer contains the salt of the benzoic acid and the chloroform portion contains the other two components. Add NaOH and go through the same procedure. The phenol forms a salt with the NaHCO3 and the water layer contains that material, The anailine remains in the organic solvent. Treat the aniline extraction with NaOH to neutralize the HCl and recover the aniline. To the NaOH extraction neutralize the NaOH with HCl and recover that component. Treat the NaHCO3 extraction similarly. Actually, you don't need to go through the first extraction with HCl to recover the aniline. You can extract once with NaHCO3, a second time with NaOH, and what's left will be aniline. Post any work if you have additional questins.
I have not heard
To understand the separation process of the mixture of benzoic acid, aniline, and phenol, let's break it down step by step:
1. Dissolving the mixture in chloroform:
The mixture of benzoic acid, aniline, and phenol is dissolved in chloroform. Chloroform is a solvent that can effectively dissolve organic compounds like these.
2. Treating the solution with sodium hydroxide (NaOH):
When sodium hydroxide is added to the solution, it reacts differently with the three components of the mixture:
- Benzoic acid: It reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium benzoate, which is soluble in water.
- Aniline: Aniline does not react with sodium hydroxide, so it remains unchanged.
- Phenol: Like benzoic acid, phenol also reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium phenolate, which is soluble in water.
3. Separation using hydrochloric acid (HCl):
Now that sodium hydroxide has reacted with benzoic acid and phenol, hydrochloric acid can be added to separate the components:
- Sodium benzoate: Upon adding hydrochloric acid, sodium benzoate is converted back into benzoic acid since HCl is a strong acid. Benzoic acid is practically insoluble in water, so it separates as a solid or precipitate.
- Sodium phenolate: Similar to sodium benzoate, sodium phenolate reacts with HCl to form phenol. Phenol is partially soluble in water, so it also separates as a precipitate.
4. Final separation using sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3):
To completely separate the remaining components, sodium bicarbonate is used:
- Aniline: Aniline is a weak base, so when it is treated with sodium bicarbonate, it reacts to form a water-soluble salt called aniline hydrochloride. This salt stays in the aqueous layer.
- Phenol: Since phenol is only partially soluble in water, some may still be present at this stage. However, sodium bicarbonate does not react with it, so it remains dissolved in the organic layer (chloroform).
After separating the layers, you will have:
- Aqueous (water) layer: Contains benzoic acid (as a precipitate) and aniline hydrochloride.
- Organic (chloroform) layer: Contains phenol.
It's important to note that this is a simplified explanation of the separation process. Actual separation techniques can involve additional steps and refinements, such as multiple extractions and drying of organic layers.