Amazon has dominated on-line retailing (e-tailing) almost since its inception. It now is an industry leader in cutting-edge supply chain and logistics. Amazon implemented a____________growth strategy.


Product/service development


Market development


Market penetration


Diversification


all of the above

To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the different growth strategies and examine how Amazon has implemented them.

1. Product/Service Development: This growth strategy involves creating and introducing new products or services to existing markets. For example, Amazon introduced the Kindle e-reader, Fire tablets, and Echo devices to expand its product offerings beyond just online retailing.

2. Market Development: This strategy involves entering new markets with existing products or services. Amazon expanded its operations globally, entering new countries and regions to reach a wider customer base.

3. Market Penetration: This strategy focuses on increasing market share within existing markets. Amazon achieved this by constantly innovating its e-tailing platform, offering fast shipping options like Prime, and providing an expansive product selection to attract more customers.

4. Diversification: This growth strategy involves expanding into new industries or markets unrelated to the existing business. Amazon has diversified its business by acquiring Whole Foods Market, launching Amazon Web Services (cloud computing), and entering the streaming industry with Amazon Prime Video.

Based on the information provided, it is safe to say that Amazon has implemented all of these growth strategies. Therefore, the correct answer would be "all of the above."