Choose the most polar bond from the options given below.
a) B-O
b) B-S
c) C-N
d) C-O
Look up the electronegativity of each atom and subtract them. The most polar bond will be the one with the largest difference.
Example:
for d. C is approximately 2.5 and O is approx 3.5. Diff is 1.0
For C. C approx 2.5 and N approx 3.0 for diff of 0.5 so CO bond is more polar than CN bond.
B-O
To determine the most polar bond, we need to look at the electronegativity difference between the two atoms in each bond. The greater the electronegativity difference, the more polar the bond.
The electronegativities for each element are as follows:
Boron (B) = 2.04
Oxygen (O) = 3.44
Sulfur (S) = 2.58
Carbon (C) = 2.55
Nitrogen (N) = 3.04
Let's calculate the electronegativity differences for each bond:
a) B-O: 3.44 - 2.04 = 1.40
b) B-S: 2.58 - 2.04 = 0.54
c) C-N: 3.04 - 2.55 = 0.49
d) C-O: 3.44 - 2.55 = 0.89
Based on the calculated electronegativity differences, the bond with the highest value is B-O with a difference of 1.40. Therefore, the most polar bond among the options given is B-O (option a).
To determine the most polar bond, we need to consider the electronegativity values of the elements involved in each bond. Electronegativity is the measure of an atom's ability to attract the shared electrons in a chemical bond.
In general, electronegativity increases from left to right across a period and from bottom to top within a group in the periodic table. So, the greater the difference in electronegativity values between two atoms, the more polar the bond will be.
Let's look at the options provided and compare the electronegativity values of the atoms involved in each bond:
a) B-O: The electronegativity of boron (B) is approximately 2.0, and the electronegativity of oxygen (O) is approximately 3.5. So, the difference in electronegativity is 1.5.
b) B-S: The electronegativity of sulfur (S) is approximately 2.5. So, the difference in electronegativity between boron (B) and sulfur (S) is 0.5.
c) C-N: The electronegativity of carbon (C) is approximately 2.5, and the electronegativity of nitrogen (N) is approximately 3.0. So, the difference in electronegativity is 0.5.
d) C-O: The electronegativity of carbon (C) is approximately 2.5, and the electronegativity of oxygen (O) is approximately 3.5. So, the difference in electronegativity is 1.0.
Based on the electronegativity differences, we can conclude that the most polar bond among the options is the bond between boron (B) and oxygen (O) in option a) B-O, with an electronegativity difference of 1.5.