Since no one answered, and I really need help:
So I am doing this science experiment about light. I chose to do one where you put a pencil in a glass of water and the light makes it look like it's bending. There is a chart of measurements that you need to fill out and I have no idea how to get them. I know you are gonna use a protractor and measure different stuff about the pencil but can someone please explain to me how to fill out this graph:
Angle of Incidence |Air|Water|Glass
In Air (or water,
or glass)
|__________________|___|____|_____
|__________________|___|____|_____
|__________________|___|____|_____
|__________________|___|____|_____
To fill out the chart, you will need to measure the angles of incidence for each medium (air, water, and glass) using a protractor.
Here's a step-by-step guide on how to do it:
1. Place a glass of water on a table or a flat surface.
2. Take a pencil and position it vertically in the water so that it looks like it is bending at the water's surface.
3. Start by measuring the angle of incidence of the pencil in air. The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident light ray (coming from the air) and the normal (an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface of the water). Use a protractor to measure and record this angle in the corresponding column for "In Air."
4. Next, measure the angle of incidence of the pencil in water. This time, the angle of incidence is between the incident light ray (coming from the water) and the normal (an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface of the glass). Use a protractor to measure and record this angle in the "In Water" column.
5. Finally, measure the angle of incidence of the pencil in glass. Again, the angle of incidence is between the incident light ray (coming from the glass) and the normal (an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface of the glass). Use a protractor to measure and record this angle in the "In Glass" column.
Repeat these steps multiple times to gather precise measurements and ensure accuracy. Try to change the position or depth of the pencil in the water to observe different bending angles.
Once you have recorded all the measurements, simply fill in the angles of incidence in the corresponding cells of the graph/chart you provided.
To fill out the graph for your science experiment on light refraction, you will need to measure the angle of incidence at each interface between air, water, and glass. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to obtain the measurements:
1. Set up your experiment: Start by placing a glass of water on a table or any stable surface. Make sure the glass is filled almost to the top with water.
2. Position the pencil: Take a pencil and carefully place it in the water at an angle, so one end is inside the water and the other end is in the air outside the glass.
3. Measure the angle of incidence in air: Use a protractor to measure the angle between the pencil entering the water and the imaginary line perpendicular to the water's surface. This measurement represents the angle of incidence in air. Record this value in the "Air" column of your graph.
4. Measure the angle of refraction in water: Keeping the protractor in the same position, measure the angle between the pencil inside the water and the imaginary line perpendicular to the water's surface. This measurement represents the angle of refraction in water. Record this value in the "Water" column of your graph.
5. Measure the angle of refraction in glass: Now, gently place the protractor on the inside surface of the glass, aligned with the pencil. Measure the angle between the pencil in the water and the protractor line. This measurement represents the angle of refraction in glass. Record this value in the "Glass" column of your graph.
6. Repeat the process: Move the pencil to a different angle of incidence, and repeat steps 3 to 5. Continue doing this multiple times to gather data points and fill in the chart.
Remember to be precise while measuring the angles with the protractor, ensuring that the center of the protractor is aligned with the path of the pencil.
Once you have measured several data points, you can plot them on the graph, with the angle of incidence on the x-axis and the angles of refraction in air, water, and glass respectively on the y-axis. Connect the points to see how the angle of refraction changes as the angle of incidence changes.
Note: It's always a good idea to consult your experiment's guidelines or check with your teacher or mentor for any specific requirements or clarifications in filling out the graph.