What are some ways (at least two) that cells can increase their (Unicellular and multi-cellular organisms) surface area to volume ratio without splitting into multiple cells?

Question

What are some ways (at least two) that cells can increase their (Unicellular and multi-cellular organisms) surface area to volume ratio without splitting into multiple cells?

One way that cells can increase their surface area to volume ratio without splitting into multiple cells is to fold the membrane. By this, it will decrease the volume and therefore have a larger surface area to volume ratio.

I need another way, please and thank you

Answer 1

Another way cells can increase their surface area to volume ratio without splitting into multiple cells is by extending or projecting surface structures such as microvilli or villi. These structures increase the surface area available for absorption or exchange of materials across the cell membrane. For example, the cells lining the small intestine have microvilli, which are tiny finger-like projections that greatly increase the surface area of the cells, allowing for more efficient nutrient absorption. Similarly, cells in the respiratory system have numerous hair-like structures called cilia that increase the surface area and help in the movement of mucus and the removal of particles from the respiratory tract.