Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs in each of the following cases. (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Include states-of-matter under SATP conditions in your answer.)
I think have the reactions, but I'm stuck with the states of matter. Any help would be much appreciated :)
(a) Cesium is added to water.
2Cs (s) + 2H_2O (l) --> 2CsOH(s) + H_2(aq)
(b) Strontium is added to water.
Sr(s) + 2H_2O(l) --> Sr(OH)_2(s) + 2H_2(aq)
(c) Sodium reacts with oxygen.
4Na(s) + O_2(g) --> 2Na_2O (s)
(d) Calcium reacts with iodine.
Ca(s) + I_2(l) --> CaI_2(s)
Thanks scott! Just a quick correction, the reaction in part C is actually 2Na + O_2 --> Na_2O_2
in (a) and (b), the hydroxides are probably in solution and the hydrogen is evolved as a gas
(a) Cesium is added to water.
2Cs (s) + 2H₂O (l) → 2CsOH (s) + H₂ (g)
(b) Strontium is added to water.
Sr (s) + 2H₂O (l) → Sr(OH)₂ (s) + 2H₂ (g)
(c) Sodium reacts with oxygen.
4Na (s) + O₂ (g) → 2Na₂O (s)
(d) Calcium reacts with iodine.
Ca (s) + I₂ (s) → CaI₂ (s)
To determine the states of matter in a balanced chemical equation, you need to consider the conditions under which the reaction occurs. In this case, the conditions are SATP (Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure), which means you can assume that the reactants and products exist in their standard states at room temperature and pressure.
Here are the balanced equations with states of matter under SATP conditions for each case:
(a) Cesium is added to water.
2Cs (s) + 2H₂O (l) → 2CsOH (aq) + H₂(g)
In this reaction, Cs (cesium) is a solid (s), H₂O (water) is a liquid (l), CsOH (cesium hydroxide) is an aqueous solution (aq), and H₂ (hydrogen) is a gas (g).
(b) Strontium is added to water.
Sr(s) + 2H₂O(l) → Sr(OH)₂(aq) + H₂(g)
Here, Sr (strontium) is a solid (s), H₂O (water) is a liquid (l), Sr(OH)₂ (strontium hydroxide) is an aqueous solution (aq), and H₂ (hydrogen) is a gas (g).
(c) Sodium reacts with oxygen.
4Na(s) + O₂(g) → 2Na₂O (s)
For this reaction, Na (sodium) is a solid (s), and O₂ (oxygen) is a gas (g). Na₂O (sodium oxide) is also in its solid state (s).
(d) Calcium reacts with iodine.
Ca(s) + I₂(s) → CaI₂ (s)
In this case, both Ca (calcium) and I₂ (iodine) are solids (s), and CaI₂ (calcium iodide) is also a solid (s).
Remember, the state of matter can vary depending on the specific conditions under which the reaction is occurring, but assuming SATP conditions in this case allows you to assign the most common states of matter for these reactions.