Which of the following salts is water soluble?
AlCl3, Li2SO4, BaC2O4, NaF, NiS, FeBr2, (NH4)2CO3, Zn(NO3)2, Na3PO4, Mg(OH)2, Ca(CH3CO2)2.
Also specify the concentration of each ion in solution for the following:
.10 M AlCl3 (aq) and .15 M (NH4)2SO4 (aq)
https://tpschemistry12student.wikispaces.com/file/view/solubility_chart.jpg/117477479/solubility_chart.jpg
On the second part, there will be all ions in solution, the concenteration of which will be from the formula.
for instance, in .1M Aluminum Chloride, .1Al+++, .3 Cl-
Could you explain the second part more please?
To determine which of the given salts are water soluble, one can refer to a solubility table or rules of solubility. Here are the common solubility rules:
1. All Group 1 (alkali metal) salts and ammonium (NH4+) salts are water soluble.
2. Most nitrate (NO3-) salts are water soluble.
3. Most acetate (CH3CO2-) salts are water soluble.
4. Most chloride (Cl-), bromide (Br-), and iodide (I-) salts are water soluble, except when paired with silver (Ag+), lead (Pb2+), or mercury (Hg22+).
5. Most sulfate (SO42-) salts are water soluble, except when paired with barium (Ba2+), strontium (Sr2+), lead (Pb2+), or calcium (Ca2+).
6. Most hydroxide (OH-) salts are insoluble, except those of Group 1 elements and barium (Ba2+).
7. Most carbonate (CO32-) and phosphate (PO43-) salts are insoluble, except those of Group 1 elements and ammonium (NH4+).
Now, let's apply these rules to determine the solubility of each salt:
- AlCl3 (Aluminium chloride): AlCl3 is soluble in water. Aluminium is a Group 3 element, and chloride is a Group 7 element.
- Li2SO4 (Lithium sulfate): Li2SO4 is soluble in water. Lithium is a Group 1 element, and sulfate is generally soluble.
- BaC2O4 (Barium oxalate): BaC2O4 is insoluble in water. Barium is a Group 2 element, and oxalate is typically insoluble.
- NaF (Sodium fluoride): NaF is soluble in water. Sodium is a Group 1 element, and fluoride is generally soluble.
- NiS (Nickel(II) sulfide): NiS is insoluble in water. Nickel is a transition metal, and sulfide is generally insoluble.
- FeBr2 (Iron(II) bromide): FeBr2 is soluble in water. Iron is a transition metal, and bromide is generally soluble.
- (NH4)2CO3 (Ammonium carbonate): (NH4)2CO3 is soluble in water. Ammonium salts are generally soluble, and carbonate is insoluble except for Group 1 and ammonium salts.
- Zn(NO3)2 (Zinc nitrate): Zn(NO3)2 is soluble in water. Zinc is a transition metal, and nitrate is generally soluble.
- Na3PO4 (Sodium phosphate): Na3PO4 is soluble in water. Sodium is a Group 1 element, and phosphate is generally insoluble except for Group 1 and ammonium salts.
- Mg(OH)2 (Magnesium hydroxide): Mg(OH)2 is insoluble in water. Magnesium is a Group 2 element, and hydroxide is typically insoluble except for Group 1 and barium.
- Ca(CH3CO2)2 (Calcium acetate): Ca(CH3CO2)2 is soluble in water. Calcium is a Group 2 element, and acetate is generally soluble.
Now, let's move on to the second part of your question and determine the concentration of each ion in the given solutions:
1. .10 M AlCl3 (aq):
AlCl3 dissociates into Al3+ and three Cl- ions.
Concentration of Al3+ = 0.10 M
Concentration of Cl- = 0.30 M (3 × 0.10 M)
2. .15 M (NH4)2SO4 (aq):
(NH4)2SO4 dissociates into 2 NH4+ ions and 1 SO42- ion.
Concentration of NH4+ = 2 × 0.15 M = 0.30 M
Concentration of SO42- = 0.15 M
Please note that these calculations assume complete dissociation of the salts in water, which may not always be the case. Additionally, concentration values represent the initial concentration before any reactions occur.