Which of the following phrases describe the phylum ciliophora, the phylum sarcomastigophora, the phylum apicomplexa, or none of these phyla?
a.unicellular organisms
b.lack membrane-bound organelles
c.body covered with cilia
d.two nuclei
e.move by pseudopodia
f.all parasitic
a. unicellular organisms: This phrase describes all three phyla - ciliophora, sarcomastigophora, and apicomplexa.
b. lack membrane-bound organelles: This phrase does not describe any of the three phyla.
c. body covered with cilia: This phrase describes the phylum ciliophora.
d. two nuclei: This phrase describes the phylum ciliophora.
e. move by pseudopodia: This phrase describes the phylum sarcomastigophora.
f. all parasitic: This phrase describes the phylum apicomplexa.
To determine which phrases describe each phylum, let's break down the characteristics of each phylum:
1. Phylum Ciliophora:
- Unicellular organisms: Yes, phylum Ciliophora consists of unicellular organisms.
- Lack membrane-bound organelles: No, phylum Ciliophora possesses various membrane-bound organelles.
- Body covered with cilia: Yes, phylum Ciliophora has a characteristic feature of cilia covering their body.
- Two nuclei: Yes, phylum Ciliophora contains two nuclei, a larger macronucleus, and a smaller micronucleus.
- Move by pseudopodia: No, phylum Ciliophora mainly moves by using cilia.
- All parasitic: No, although some species within phylum Ciliophora can be parasitic, not all of them are.
Therefore, the phrases that describe phylum Ciliophora are: a. unicellular organisms, c. body covered with cilia, and d. two nuclei.
2. Phylum Sarcomastigophora:
- Unicellular organisms: Yes, phylum Sarcomastigophora involves unicellular organisms.
- Lack membrane-bound organelles: No, phylum Sarcomastigophora possesses various membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria.
- Body covered with cilia: No, phylum Sarcomastigophora does not have a cilia-covered body.
- Two nuclei: No, phylum Sarcomastigophora typically has a single nucleus.
- Move by pseudopodia: Yes, phylum Sarcomastigophora moves by using pseudopodia.
- All parasitic: No, while some species within phylum Sarcomastigophora can be parasitic, not all of them are.
Therefore, the phrases that describe phylum Sarcomastigophora are: a. unicellular organisms and e. move by pseudopodia.
3. Phylum Apicomplexa:
- Unicellular organisms: Yes, phylum Apicomplexa consists of unicellular organisms.
- Lack membrane-bound organelles: No, phylum Apicomplexa has various membrane-bound organelles.
- Body covered with cilia: No, phylum Apicomplexa does not have a cilia-covered body.
- Two nuclei: No, phylum Apicomplexa typically has a single nucleus.
- Move by pseudopodia: No, phylum Apicomplexa does not move by using pseudopodia.
- All parasitic: Yes, all species within phylum Apicomplexa are parasitic.
Therefore, the phrases that describe phylum Apicomplexa are: a. unicellular organisms and f. all parasitic.
Based on the explanations above, the correct categorizations are:
- Phylum Ciliophora: a. unicellular organisms, c. body covered with cilia, and d. two nuclei.
- Phylum Sarcomastigophora: a. unicellular organisms and e. move by pseudopodia.
- Phylum Apicomplexa: a. unicellular organisms and f. all parasitic.
None of these phyla match the phrase "lack membrane-bound organelles."