The output voltage and current of a transformer are determined by the
A. number of turns in the primary and secondary coils.
B. ferromagnetic material of the rings connecting the coils.
C. strength of the DC current in the primary coil.
D. direction of the current in the primary coil.
My guess is A.
The current is dependent on the load across the secondary.
Answer A is the best choice.
You are correct! The correct answer is A, the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils.
When an alternating current (AC) flows through the primary coil of a transformer, it produces a changing magnetic field. This changing magnetic field then induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the secondary coil, which results in an output voltage.
The ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil determines the voltage ratio between the primary and secondary sides of the transformer. For example, if there are more turns in the secondary coil (compared to the primary coil), the output voltage will be higher than the input voltage. On the other hand, if there are fewer turns in the secondary coil, the output voltage will be lower.
Similarly, the current ratio between the primary and secondary sides of the transformer is also determined by the number of turns. However, it is important to note that the transformer is designed in such a way that the power on the primary side is equal to the power on the secondary side (discounting losses). Therefore, the current and voltage ratios are inversely proportional to each other. In other words, if the voltage is stepped up, the current is stepped down, and vice versa.
Therefore, the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils is directly responsible for determining the output voltage and current of a transformer.