Name the two factors that give federal courts jurisdiction over a case. Give an example of each.
Subject Matter And Parties. If a resident of Oregon sues a resident of California over a car accident the case would go to federal court. However, if a resident of Portland Oregon sues someone in Canby Oregon then that would be seen in State Court due to lack of Party diversity.
The two factors that give federal courts jurisdiction over a case are subject matter jurisdiction and diversity jurisdiction.
1. Subject Matter Jurisdiction: Federal courts have subject matter jurisdiction when a case involves a federal question. This means that the case involves a federal law, treaty, or the interpretation of the U.S. Constitution. For example, a federal court would have subject matter jurisdiction over a case involving a violation of a federal statute, such as a case involving a federal civil rights law.
2. Diversity Jurisdiction: Federal courts have diversity jurisdiction when the case involves citizens of different states and the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000. For example, if a lawsuit is filed by a citizen of California against a citizen of New York, and the claim exceeds $75,000, the federal court can exercise diversity jurisdiction to hear the case.
The two factors that give federal courts jurisdiction over a case are subject matter jurisdiction and federal question jurisdiction. Here's an explanation of each and an example:
1. Subject Matter Jurisdiction: This refers to the type or nature of the case that allows a federal court to hear it. Federal courts have subject matter jurisdiction in cases involving federal laws, the U.S. Constitution, or disputes between citizens of different states where the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000. For example, if a person wishes to sue another person for violating their constitutional rights, they can file the lawsuit in a federal court because it involves a federal law (the U.S. Constitution).
2. Federal Question Jurisdiction: This refers to cases that raise a federal question, meaning the dispute involves interpreting or applying federal law. Federal question jurisdiction grants federal courts the authority to hear and decide on such cases. For instance, if a company accuses another company of patent infringement, the case could be filed in a federal court because patent law is a federal area of law.
In summary, federal courts have jurisdiction over cases primarily based on the subject matter (type of case) involved, such as federal laws or constitutional questions (subject matter jurisdiction), or when the case raises a federal question regarding the interpretation or application of federal law (federal question jurisdiction).
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