Which of the following international actions may a president do without congressional approval? (2 points) Select all that apply.
A) Negotiate executive agreements
B) Make treaties
C) Declare war
D) Engage the military in combat operations
The correct answers are A. Negotiate executive agreements and D. Engage the military in combat operations
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To determine which of the following international actions a president may do without congressional approval, we need to understand the powers granted to the president by the Constitution. The relevant section is Article II, Section 2, which outlines the president's powers in foreign affairs.
A) Negotiate executive agreements: This is an action that the president can undertake without congressional approval. Executive agreements are legally binding agreements between the United States and other countries, but unlike treaties, they do not require Senate ratification.
B) Make treaties: While the president has the authority to negotiate treaties, the process of making treaties requires two-thirds approval from the Senate. Therefore, the president cannot make treaties without congressional approval.
C) Declare war: The power to declare war is a power held by Congress, not the president. According to the Constitution, only Congress has the authority to declare war.
D) Engage the military in combat operations: The president, as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, has the authority to deploy the military in combat operations. However, if a significant military action extends beyond a short timeframe or expands into a full-scale war, it is generally expected that the president will seek congressional authorization.
Based on this analysis, the correct options are:
A) Negotiate executive agreements
D) Engage the military in combat operations