1. Cathy said that she would be here later.
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In this sentence, does 'she' refers to 'Cathy' or "another female person"?
If "she" were referring to another person, then that person should be named here. As it is, "she" is referring to Cathy since "Cathy" is the only noun in this sentence, thus the antecedent for "she."
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/pronounreference.htm
Read carefully about reference/antecedent here.
To determine whether 'she' refers to 'Cathy' or "another female person," let's analyze the sentence structure.
The pronoun 'she' is used to replace a noun (in this case, 'Cathy') to avoid repetition. However, without further context, we cannot definitively conclude whether 'she' refers to 'Cathy' or someone else.
To clarify, you could look for additional information in the preceding or following sentences that might provide context or insight into who 'she' refers to. Alternatively, you could ask Cathy or another person involved in the conversation for clarification.