The federal government sets requirements that all public schools must follow, while state governments set standards listing what students need to learn. This is an example of what constitutional system?
A. dual federalism
B. cooperative federalism
C. layered federalism
D. unitary federalism
I think the answer is A
The correct answer is B. cooperative federalism. Cooperative federalism is a constitutional system where the federal government and state governments work together and share powers and responsibilities in governing. In this case, the federal government sets requirements that all public schools must follow, while state governments set standards listing what students need to learn. This reflects the collaboration and shared power between the two levels of government, which is characteristic of cooperative federalism.
To determine the correct answer, let's break down the options and understand the concepts associated with them:
A. Dual federalism: This concept divides powers between the federal and state governments, where each level operates within its own sphere and has limited interference or cooperation with the other.
B. Cooperative federalism: This concept emphasizes shared powers between the federal and state governments, where they work together to implement policies and programs.
C. Layered federalism: This term is not commonly used to describe a specific constitutional system, so we can rule it out.
D. Unitary federalism: This term seems to combine elements of unitary and federal systems, which can be confusing. However, based on the given description, it does not seem to accurately represent the relationship between the federal and state governments in this case.
Considering the given information, the most appropriate answer is B. Cooperative federalism. In this example, the federal government sets requirements for public schools, while state governments determine the specific standards for what students need to learn. This demonstrates a cooperative relationship between the federal government and the states in shaping education policy.
It is worth noting that cooperative federalism is commonly associated with the idea of shared and collaborative governance between the federal and state governments.