Throughout the 1900s, many countries in Africa and Asia gained independence from European colonial powers. India is one of these countries, having gained their independence from Britain in 1947. Why did people in India want independence? In what ways was India's independence movement from Britain similar to that of the United States? In what ways were these movements different? Be sure to include specific details and facts in your response.
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can u help me with the last question i already kinda understand the first 2 the one that says n what ways were these movements different?
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1. Why did people in India want independence?
The desire for independence in India can be attributed to several factors:
a. Economic Exploitation: Under British colonial rule, India's wealth was systematically drained out, with resources being exploited and industries being made dependent on Britain. This led to economic hardships and poverty among the Indian population.
b. Political Oppression: Indians were subjected to various forms of political repression, including limited representation in decision-making, severe censorship, and suppression of political dissent.
c. Cultural Identity and Nationalism: The Indian independence movement was fueled by a strong sense of cultural identity and nationalism. Indians wanted to protect and preserve their own traditions, languages, religions, and overall way of life.
d. Inspired by other Movements: India was influenced by other anti-colonial movements, such as the Irish independence movement and the American Revolution, which gave Indians the belief that they too could fight for self-governance.
2. In what ways was India's independence movement from Britain similar to that of the United States?
a. Leadership: Both movements had influential leaders who played significant roles in the struggle for independence. In the case of India, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose were some of the key figures.
b. Nonviolent Resistance: Like the American Civil Rights Movement, India's independence movement emphasized nonviolent resistance as a powerful tool against colonial oppression. Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence, including protests, boycotts, and civil disobedience, became a central strategy employed by Indian nationalists.
3. In what ways were these movements different?
Though there were similarities, there were also several key differences between the Indian and American independence movements:
a. Goals and Motivations: The American Revolution aimed to establish a new nation with democratic principles and governance, whereas the Indian independence movement primarily sought to end British colonial rule and gain self-governance.
b. Duration and Scale: The Indian independence struggle lasted for several decades, from the late 19th century to 1947, involving mass movements, campaigns, and sacrifices by millions of people. In contrast, the American Revolution was a relatively shorter conflict that formally began in 1775 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
c. Role of Violence: While the American Revolution involved armed conflicts and a revolutionary war against British forces, the Indian independence movement primarily relied on nonviolent resistance. However, it's important to note that there were some instances of violence and armed resistance within the Indian movement, particularly as the struggle intensified.
d. Path to Independence: The American colonies fought a war against Britain to secure their independence, whereas India achieved its independence predominantly through negotiations and political agreements. The creation of Pakistan as a separate Muslim-majority state also added a unique aspect to India's struggle.
Remember, these are just brief summaries of complex historical events. Exploring further resources like books, documentaries, and academic articles can provide more in-depth knowledge.