Define ‘Change in entropy’ and define ‘Clausius inequality’ for irreversible and reversible process.

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http://www.google.com/#q=%E2%80%98Change+in+entropy%E2%80%99+

http://www.google.com/#q=%E2%80%98Clausius+inequality%E2%80%99+for+irreversible+and+reversible+process

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1. Change in entropy:
Entropy is a thermodynamic property that measures the level of disorder or randomness in a system. The change in entropy, denoted as ΔS, describes the difference in entropy between two states of a system. It can be calculated using the formula:

ΔS = S_final - S_initial

where S_final is the entropy of the system in its final state and S_initial is the entropy in its initial state.

The change in entropy can be positive, negative, or zero, depending on the process. An increase in entropy (ΔS > 0) indicates an increase in disorder or randomness, while a decrease in entropy (ΔS < 0) suggests a decrease in disorder or an increase in order. When ΔS = 0, it means that there is no change in entropy, indicating a reversible process.

2. Clausius inequality:
The Clausius inequality is a thermodynamic principle that relates the change in entropy to the heat transfer during a process. It states that for any irreversible process in a closed system, the change in entropy is greater than or equal to the ratio of the heat transfer (Q) and the temperature (T) at which the heat transfer occurs:

ΔS ≥ Q/T

Here, Q represents the heat flow into or out of the system, and T is the temperature at which the heat transfer is happening.

For a reversible process, the inequality becomes an equality, meaning that the change in entropy is equal to the heat transfer divided by the temperature:

ΔS = Q/T

This principle can be seen as an extension of the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of an isolated system tends to increase or remain constant over time.

In summary, the change in entropy represents the difference in disorder between two states of a system, while the Clausius inequality describes the relationship between the change in entropy and the heat transfer during a process, distinguishing between reversible and irreversible processes.