In what ways are expository essays similar to business communication? In what ways are they different? What part do facts play in the expository essay? What part does opinion play? Explain your answers in two paragraphs (one discussing similarities and differences between business communication and expository writing, and one discussing facts and opinions in the expository essay), 200-300 words total.
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Question 1 of 16
Excerpt from “Conversational Ballgames” by Nancy Masterson Sakamoto.
1 Japanese-style conversations develop quite differently from western-style conversations. And the difference isn’t only in the languages. I realized that just as I kept trying to hold western-style conversations even when I was speaking Japanese, so my English students kept trying to hold Japanese-style conversations even when they were speaking English. We were unconsciously playing entirely different conversational ballgames.
2 A western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you to hit it back. If you agree with me, . . . I expect you to add something—a reason for agreeing, another example, or an elaboration to carry the idea further. . . . I am just as happy if you question me, or challenge me, or completely disagree with me. Whether you agree or disagree, your response will return the ball to me.
3 And then it is my turn again. I don’t serve a new ball from my original starting line. I hit your ball back again from where it has bounced. I carry your idea further, or answer your questions or objections, or challenge or question you. And so the ball goes back and forth, with each of us doing our best to give it a new twist, an original spin, or a powerful smash.
4 And the more vigorous the action, the more interesting and exciting the game. Of course, if one of us gets angry, it spoils the conversation, just as it spoils a tennis game. . . . A good conversation is supposed to be interesting and exciting.
5 If there are more than two people in the conversation, then it is like doubles in tennis, or like volleyball. There’s no waiting in line. Whoever is nearest and quickest hits the ball, and if you step back, someone else will hit it. No one stops the game to give you a turn. You’re responsible for taking your own turn.
6 But whether it’s two players or a group, everyone does his best to keep the ball going, and no one person has the ball for very long.
7 A Japanese-style conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball. It’s like bowling. You wait for your turn. And you always know your place in line. It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger to the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on.
8 When your turn comes, you step up to the starting line with your bowling ball, and carefully bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, murmuring encouragement. Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley, and watches to see if it knocks down all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your score.
9 Then, after everyone is sure that you have completely finished your turn, the next person in line steps up to the same starting line, with a different ball. He doesn’t return your ball, and he does not begin from where your ball stopped. There is no back and forth at all. All the balls run parallel. And there is always a suitable pause between turns. There is no rush, no excitement, no scramble for the ball. No wonder everyone looked startled when I took part in Japanese conversations. I paid no attention to whose turn it was, and kept snatching the ball halfway down the alley and throwing it back at the bowler. Of course the conversation died. I was playing the wrong game.
Use the excerpt to answer the questions.
How is this excerpt of an expository essay organized?
Expository essays and business communication have several similarities and differences. Firstly, both forms of writing aim to convey information in a clear and concise manner. They both require solid organization and structure to effectively present ideas. In business communication, the purpose is often to inform and persuade, while expository essays aim to explain and analyze a particular topic or issue. Additionally, both forms of writing need to be tailored to the audience, ensuring that the message is understood and well-received.
However, there are also notable differences between expository essays and business communication. Business communication tends to be more formal and professional in tone, with a focus on achieving specific objectives, such as closing a deal or persuading stakeholders. On the other hand, expository essays have a wider range of topics and can be more exploratory in nature, aiming to educate and provide a deeper understanding of a subject. Expository essays can also exhibit a more scholarly approach, incorporating research and evidence to support the analysis.
When it comes to the role of facts and opinions in expository essays, facts play a crucial role. Facts provide the foundation for the essay, supporting the main arguments and claims. They are objective and verifiable pieces of information that lend credibility to the writer's ideas. Facts can be obtained through research, data analysis, or reputable sources, and they help ensure the accuracy and reliability of the essay.
Opinions, on the other hand, have a limited role in expository essays. While opinions can be included to offer personal insights or show varying perspectives, they should be supported by evidence or examples. Opinions should not overpower the essay with bias or subjectivity. The focus of an expository essay is to provide a balanced and evidence-based analysis, allowing the readers to form their own opinions based on the presented information.
In conclusion, business communication and expository essays share similarities in terms of clear presentation and audience consideration. The key differences lie in their purpose, tone, and approach. Expository essays heavily rely on facts to support the arguments, while opinions are only valid when supported by evidence. By understanding these distinctions, writers can effectively communicate their ideas in both business and academic settings.