what are the economic benefits of union membership to employees and to what extent can these benefits be increased before employers face problems?

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The economic benefits of union membership to employees can vary depending on various factors such as industry, region, and bargaining power of the union. However, here are some common economic benefits:

1. Higher wages: One of the primary reasons employees join unions is to negotiate for higher wages. Unions can leverage collective bargaining to secure better wages and benefits for their members.

2. Improved working conditions: Unions often advocate for safer and healthier working conditions. By negotiating with employers, unions can help enforce safety regulations, reduce the risk of workplace accidents, and improve overall working conditions.

3. Better benefits: Unionized employees typically receive better benefits such as health insurance, retirement plans, paid leave, and job security. These benefits can contribute to overall financial security and well-being.

4. Job security: Unions may negotiate provisions that protect workers from unfair dismissals or arbitrary layoffs. This can provide a sense of job security, especially during economic downturns or when employers try to downsize.

5. Increase in productivity: Studies have shown that unionized employees, on average, tend to be more productive than non-unionized workers. This can result from increased job satisfaction, better working conditions, and improved employee-employer relations.

The extent to which these benefits can be increased before employers face problems depends on various factors. Employers may face challenges when union demands become too costly or when increased wages and benefits impact the company's profitability. Employers might argue that excessively high wages can make them less competitive in the market, potentially leading to job cuts or business closures.

The key to striking a balance lies in maintaining a constructive relationship between employers and unions through negotiations and compromises. Collaborative efforts to increase productivity, improve efficiency, and enhance profitability can help create a win-win situation where both employers and employees reap economic benefits. However, it is essential to evaluate the specific circumstances and context of each industry and company to determine the extent to which these benefits can be increased.