Why wernt Muslims able to conquer most of Europe

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The Spanish occupation by the Moors began in 711 AD when an African army, under their leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad, crossed the Strait of Gibraltar from northern Africa and invaded the Iberian peninsula 'Andalus' (Spain under the Visigoths).
http://www.blackhistorystudies.com/resources/resources/15-facts-on-the-moors-in-spain/

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The Moorish Kingdom of Granada continued for three more centuries in southern Iberia. On January 2, 1492, the leader of the last Muslim stronghold in Granada surrendered to the armies of a recently united Christian Spain (after the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragón and Isabella I of Castile, the Catholic Monarchs).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moors

The historical question of why Muslims were not able to conquer most of Europe is complex and multifaceted. There were several factors that contributed to this outcome. Here are some key points to consider:

1. Geographical barriers: Europe has certain geographical features like mountain ranges (e.g. Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians) and water bodies (e.g. Mediterranean Sea, English Channel), which acted as natural barriers that made invasion and conquest difficult. These geographical obstacles hindered the advancement of Muslim armies into various parts of Europe.

2. Military resistance: European kingdoms and empires developed strong military defenses to protect themselves against invasions. They bolstered their armies, fortified their cities, and established effective military strategies. This military resistance posed a significant challenge for Muslim armies attempting to conquer Europe.

3. Internal divisions among Muslims: Historically, the Islamic world was not always united. Different factions, rivalries, and conflicts within the Islamic Caliphate weakened their unity and hindered their ability to mount effective large-scale invasions. This internal strife undermined their efforts to conquer and maintain control over large territories.

4. Europe's political fragmentation: The European continent was politically fragmented during the medieval period, consisting of numerous small kingdoms, principalities, and city-states. This decentralized political landscape made it difficult for a single invading force to conquer and control the entire continent. Even when Muslim forces were successful in capturing certain territories, they often struggled to hold on to them due to local resistance and subsequent counterattacks.

5. Cultural and religious differences: The Muslim conquests largely occurred during the early medieval period when Europe was predominantly Christian. The cultural and religious differences between Muslims and Christians created significant barriers for lasting conquests. These differences fueled resistance and sparked religious conflicts, such as the Crusades, which further hampered Muslim expansion.

It is important to note that while Muslims were not able to conquer most of Europe, they did establish lasting Islamic rule in parts of the Iberian Peninsula (modern-day Spain and Portugal) for several centuries. However, the factors mentioned above ultimately limited their control and expansion on a broader scale.