A hypothetical molecule, X–Y, has a dipole moment of 1.76 D and a bond length of 151 pm. Calculate the percent ionic character of this molecule.
To calculate the percent ionic character of a molecule, you can use the formula:
Percent ionic character = (Dipole moment / e) * (100 / bond length)
Where:
- Dipole moment is given in Debye (D)
- e is the charge of an electron (1.602 x 10^-19 C)
- Bond length is given in picometers (pm)
Let's substitute the given values into the formula:
Dipole moment = 1.76 D
Bond length = 151 pm
e = 1.602 x 10^-19 C
Percent ionic character = (1.76 / 1.602 x 10^-19) * (100 / 151)
Now, let's calculate it step by step:
Step 1: Convert the bond length from picometers (pm) to meters (m)
1 pm = 1 x 10^-12 m
Bond length = 151 pm * (1 x 10^-12 m / 1 pm) = 151 x 10^-12 m
Step 2: Calculate the percent ionic character using the formula
Percent ionic character = (1.76 D / 1.602 x 10^-19 C) * (100 / 151 x 10^-12 m)
Percent ionic character = (1.76 / 1.602) * (10^-19 / 10^-12) * (100 / 151)
Percent ionic character = (1.097 × 10^14) * (100 / 151)
Finally, calculate the percent ionic character:
Percent ionic character ≈ 7.261 %
So, the hypothetical molecule X-Y has approximately 7.261% ionic character.