Which of the following do you have less of at the end of cellular respiration than at the beginning?
(a)Co-enzyme A
(b)ATP synthase
(c)ADP
(d)the proteins of the electron transport chain
(e)FADH2
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To determine which of the given options is present in lesser quantities at the end of cellular respiration compared to the beginning, let's break down each option:
(a) Co-enzyme A: Co-enzyme A is not consumed or produced during cellular respiration, so the quantity remains the same at the end as it was at the start.
(b) ATP synthase: ATP synthase is an enzyme responsible for producing ATP during cellular respiration. Since ATP is a product of cellular respiration, the quantity of ATP synthase remains the same at the end as it was at the beginning.
(c) ADP: ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is converted into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) during cellular respiration. ATP is the main energy carrier molecule, and its production results in the usage of ADP. Therefore, the quantity of ADP is expected to decrease at the end of cellular respiration compared to the beginning.
(d) The proteins of the electron transport chain: The proteins of the electron transport chain are parts of the respiratory chain involved in ATP production. These proteins are not consumed or produced during cellular respiration; rather, they are used repeatedly in a cycle. Hence, the quantity of these proteins remains the same at the end as it was at the beginning.
(e) FADH2: FADH2 is a reduced form of the electron carrier molecule FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) that delivers electrons to the electron transport chain. FADH2 is oxidized during cellular respiration, and its consumption leads to the production of ATP. Therefore, the quantity of FADH2 is expected to decrease at the end of cellular respiration compared to the beginning.
Based on the explanations above, the correct answer is (c) ADP. The quantity of ADP is less at the end of cellular respiration than at the beginning.