1.Name the raw materials used in the manufacture of Sodium Carbonate by Solvay process.
The definition gives you the information. The Wikipedia link will give you details.
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To determine the raw materials used in the manufacture of sodium carbonate by the Solvay process, you can follow these steps:
1. Understand the Solvay process: The Solvay process is a method used to produce sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) by reacting sodium chloride (NaCl) with ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in a stepwise manner.
2. Identify the basic reactants: The main raw materials used in the Solvay process are salt (sodium chloride, NaCl), limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3), ammonia (NH3), and carbon dioxide (CO2).
3. Break down the process steps: The manufacture of sodium carbonate through the Solvay process involves several sequential steps that utilize different raw materials:
a. Brine purification: Initially, brine (a concentrated solution of sodium chloride) is purified to remove impurities that may interfere with the subsequent steps. This purified brine is the primary source of sodium ions (Na+).
b. Formation of sodium bicarbonate: In this step, ammonia (NH3) is reacted with carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3). This reaction occurs in an ammonia solution generated in the later stages of the process.
c. Conversion to sodium carbonate: The ammonium bicarbonate produced in the previous step is then reacted with the sodium ions (Na+) in the purified brine to form sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). The sodium bicarbonate precipitates out of the solution.
d. Soda ash extraction: Lastly, the sodium bicarbonate obtained in the previous step is heated to release carbon dioxide, resulting in the production of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). The remaining ammonia and carbon dioxide released during this process are recycled back to be used in the initial steps.
Overall, the raw materials used in the Solvay process for the manufacture of sodium carbonate are salt (sodium chloride, NaCl), limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3), ammonia (NH3), and carbon dioxide (CO2).