How does deltaG° relate to K for a reaction?
A. When deltaG° > 0, K < 1 and products are favored.
B. When deltaG° < 0, K > 1 and products are favored.
C. When deltaG° < 0, K < 1 and reactants are favored.
D. When deltaG° > 0, K > 1 and reactants are favored.
B. When deltaG° < 0, K > 1 and products are favored.
B. When deltaG° < 0, K > 1 and products are favored.
To understand how deltaG° relates to K for a reaction, we need to first define these terms.
1. deltaG°: It represents the standard free energy change or the change in Gibbs free energy for a reaction under standard conditions. It is a measure of the spontaneity and directionality of a reaction. A positive deltaG° indicates a non-spontaneous reaction (products are not favored), while a negative deltaG° indicates a spontaneous reaction (products are favored).
2. K: It represents the equilibrium constant for a reaction. The equilibrium constant is a ratio of the concentrations (or pressures for gas phase reactions) of the products to the concentrations (or pressures) of the reactants at equilibrium. It gives information about the extent of the reaction and the position of the equilibrium.
Now let's analyze the options:
A. When deltaG° > 0, K < 1 and products are favored: This option is incorrect because if deltaG° is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous and products are not favored. Additionally, K < 1 represents a reaction that favors the reactants.
B. When deltaG° < 0, K > 1 and products are favored: This option is correct. If deltaG° is negative, the reaction is spontaneous and products are favored. K > 1 indicates a reaction that favors the products.
C. When deltaG° < 0, K < 1 and reactants are favored: This option is incorrect because if deltaG° is negative, the reaction is spontaneous and products are favored. K < 1 represents a reaction that favors the reactants.
D. When deltaG° > 0, K > 1 and reactants are favored: This option is incorrect because if deltaG° is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous and products are not favored. Additionally, K > 1 represents a reaction that favors the products.
Therefore, the correct answer is B. When deltaG° < 0, K > 1 and products are favored.