Rank the following molecules in order of water solubility. ch3ch2ch2ch3, ch3oh, nacl, and ch3chohcooh
ionic, small chain alcohol, long chain alcohol, and alkane least soluble.
To rank the molecules in order of water solubility, we need to consider the polarity of the molecules and their ability to interact with water molecules. Generally, polar molecules tend to dissolve well in water, while nonpolar molecules do not.
Let's analyze each molecule:
1. CH3CH2CH2CH3 (butane): This molecule is nonpolar because it consists of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Nonpolar molecules do not dissolve well in water, so butane is expected to have low water solubility.
2. CH3OH (methanol): Methanol is a polar molecule with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. It can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, enhancing its water solubility. Methanol is more water-soluble compared to butane.
3. NaCl (sodium chloride): Sodium chloride is an ionic compound composed of sodium cations (Na+) and chloride anions (Cl-). Ionic compounds readily dissociate in water into their constituent ions, which enables them to dissolve very well in water. Therefore, NaCl is highly water-soluble.
4. CH3CHOHCOOH (acetic acid): Acetic acid, also known as vinegar, is a weak acid. It has both polar (carboxyl group -COOH) and nonpolar (carbon and hydrogen atoms) regions. The polar part can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, making acetic acid relatively water soluble.
Based on this analysis, we can rank the given molecules in order of increasing water solubility:
1. CH3CH2CH2CH3 (butane)
2. CH3OH (methanol)
3. CH3CHOHCOOH (acetic acid)
4. NaCl (sodium chloride)
To rank the given molecules in order of water solubility, we need to consider their molecular structure and the presence of functional groups that can interact with water molecules.
1. Methanol (CH3OH):
Methanol is highly water-soluble due to the presence of the hydroxyl group (OH), which can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
2. Acetic acid (CH3COOH):
Acetic acid is moderately water-soluble. It contains both a hydroxyl group (OH) and a carboxyl group (COOH), which can engage in hydrogen bonding with water molecules.
3. Sodium chloride (NaCl):
Sodium chloride is water-soluble as it readily dissociates into sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions when in contact with water. These ions can interact with water through ion-dipole interactions.
4. Butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3):
Butane is an organic compound composed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. It does not possess any functional groups that can form significant interactions with water. Therefore, its water solubility is relatively low compared to the other molecules.
Therefore, the ranking of the molecules in order of water solubility is:
Methanol > Acetic acid > Sodium chloride > Butane