Concerning compounds cyanogen, Hydrogen cyanide and sodium cyanide.
Cyanogen = C2N2 (CN)2
Hydrogen Cyanide = HCN boils at 26C and yeilds an acid solution when added with water.
Sodium Cyanide = empirical formula NaCN is a solid melts at 564C
a) Assuming that the valencies of Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Carbon in these compounds are 1,3 and 4 respectively, draw structual formulae for hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen that are consistent with these valencies
Answered above.
To draw the structural formulae of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and cyanogen (C2N2 or (CN)2), we use the valencies of hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon, which are 1, 3, and 4 respectively.
For hydrogen cyanide (HCN):
1. Start by placing the carbon atom in the middle, as it has a valency of 4.
2. Attach a single bond (represented by a line) between the carbon and nitrogen atoms, as nitrogen has a valency of 3.
3. Finally, attach a single bond between the carbon and hydrogen atoms, as hydrogen has a valency of 1.
The structural formula for hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is H-C≡N.
For cyanogen (C2N2 or (CN)2):
1. Start by placing one carbon atom in the middle and two nitrogen atoms on the sides, as carbon has a valency of 4 and nitrogen has a valency of 3.
2. Attach double bonds (represented by double lines) between the carbon and each nitrogen atom. Each double bond contributes two shared electrons.
3. Finally, if you prefer to use lines for single bonds, you can indicate the single bonds between each carbon and nitrogen atom.
One possible structural formula for cyanogen (C2N2 or (CN)2) is N≡C-C≡N.
Remember that structural formulae show how atoms are connected to each other in a molecule, and valencies help determine these connections based on the number of available bonding electrons for each atom.