When I bumped the table, the coffee in my cup spilled out. Newton's _____ law explains this reaction.
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Newton's 1st law explains this reaction.
The first step to get the answer is to have a basic understanding of Newton's laws of motion.
Newton's 1st law, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction, unless acted upon by an external force.
In the scenario you described, when you bumped the table, your cup of coffee was initially at rest. According to Newton's 1st law, the coffee in the cup also tends to stay at rest. However, due to the external force of the table being bumped, the cup experienced an acceleration and was moved. The sudden movement of the cup caused the coffee inside to overcome its inertia, and as a result, spilled out of the cup.
Therefore, Newton's 1st law explains the reaction of the coffee spilling out of your cup when you bumped the table.