a mother is three times as old as her daughter. five years later, the mother will be two and a half times as old as her daughter. Find their present ages.

Now:

daughter --- x
mom ------- 3x

5 years from now:
daughter = x+5
mom = 3x+5

3x+5 = 2.5(x+5)

take over

To find their present ages, let's assign variables to the unknowns. Let's say the daughter's age is "D" and the mother's age is "M."

According to the problem:

1) The mother is three times as old as her daughter: M = 3D.

2) Five years later, the mother will be two and a half times as old as her daughter: (M + 5) = 2.5(D + 5).

Now, let's use these equations to solve for their present ages:

Step 1: Substitute the value of M from equation 1 into equation 2.

(3D + 5) = 2.5(D + 5).

Step 2: Distribute 2.5 on the right side.

3D + 5 = 2.5D + 12.5.

Step 3: Subtract 2.5D from both sides.

3D - 2.5D + 5 = 2.5D - 2.5D + 12.5.

0.5D + 5 = 12.5.

Step 4: Subtract 5 from both sides.

0.5D + 5 - 5 = 12.5 - 5.

0.5D = 7.5.

Step 5: Divide both sides by 0.5 to solve for D.

D = 7.5 / 0.5.

D = 15.

Now that we know the daughter's age is 15, we can find the mother's age using equation 1:

M = 3D = 3 * 15 = 45.

Therefore, the daughter's present age is 15, and the mother's present age is 45.