The order of events and ages of rocks by examining positions is *relative dating*.
Gaps in rock layers are called *unconformities*.
What uses properties of atoms to find ages of rocks? *Absolute Dating*.
A life form in Precambrian Time was *Cyanobacteria*.
What signaled the end of the Paleozoic Era? *The Permian-Triassic Extinction. AKA “Great Dieing”*
Trilobites are index fossils because they *change slowly throughout time*.
Pangaea separated into *seven* continents.
Animal life in the Cenozoic Era includes the *extinction of many large mammal groups*
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When species adapt to a changing environment, they are evolving.
Define evolution. *The development of a living organism.*
The Appalachian mountains formed during the *Paleozoic Era.*
Humans first appeared during the *Cenozoic Era.*
The youngest rocks on the ocean floor are located *on the mid-ocean ridge.*
Plates of the lithosphere float on the* asthenosphere.*
What supports the hypothesis of continental drift?* Matching coastlines of continents. Also, evidence from fossils.*
Plates move apart at *divergent boundaries.*
Plates slide past one another at *transform boundaries.*
What is a boundary between 2 plates called? *Divergent, Convergent, and transform are the three types of boundarys between two plates. *
What type of currents drive plate motion? *Convection currents*
What causes hot rock to rise to earth’s surface? *Volcanic eruption*
What is a divergent boundary? *Two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.*
Define earthquakes*. A sudden shaking of the ground.*
What is a fault? *A crack in the earth’s crust.*
Define shearing force.* A strain that exists when an objects layers oppose.*
What are normal faults?* When two rocks are pulled apart by tension.*
What are reverse faults?* When two rocks are pulled together by compression.*
What are the most destructive seismic waves?* Surface waves*
*Primary waves*are first to reach a seismograph.
Where is the focus of an earthquake?* Where the rock starts to fracture.*
Define igneous rocks.* A rock made up of the solidification of magma/lava.*
What does metamorphic mean? *A rock that has changed its form by heat or pressure.*
Rocks are classified by how they are* formed*
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Fossil fuels include* Petrolium, natural gas, and coal.*
What are contour lines?* A line joining equal elevation levels.*
To find exact location on a map, *we use latitude and longitude lines.*
What are latitude lines? *An angle on a map that can go from 0° to 90°.*
What are longitude lines?* A measurement of the east or west from the prime meridan.*
New York time is *3 hours later* than Los Angeles time. If it is 9am in LA, it is* noon* in NY.
Each time zone is separated by *1 hour*.
What is a solar eclipse?* When the sun is obsecured because of the moon.*
Seasons happen due to *earths orbit around the sun*
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Asteroids come from *broken comets*
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What are meteors?* Dust sized pieces of rock that speed up to hundreds of kilimeters per second.*
Describe Jupiter.* Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It’s composed of mostly hydrogen and helium. It’s most notable feature is the Great Red spot.*
How was the sun formed? * It is widely believed that the sun was formed from a big cloud of dust and gas.*
What planet has water in all three forms? *Earth.*
We once believed all planets and the sun revolve around *Earth.*
Gas, ice and dust formed the *Solar System.*
What is the first planet from the sun?* Mercury*
What is the third planet from the sun?* Earth*
What is the order of the inner planets?* Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars*
Constellations appear to change because Earth revolves around the sun.
What is parallax? *When the position of an object appears to be different from a different point of view.*
The hottest stars are* Blue *in color.
What is a giant star?* A star with a larger radius and brightness.*
What are prominences?* Standing out from something*
Describe an elliptical galaxy. *An Elliptical galxy is full of older stars that don't shine as bright as other galaxys.*
Describe the Milky Way galaxy. *The milky way contains more than 200,000 stars. It has enough gas and dust to make many many more.*
What supports the Big Bang Theory? *One pice of evidence that supports the Big Bang Theory is the fact that the universe is expanding, which has been proven with the Red Shift.*
What is a black hole in space?* A black hole in space is where the gravitational pull is so strong that light cannot get out.*
What are sunspots? * A patch on the suns surface appearing dark in contrast to the rest of the sun.*
Describe a galaxy.* A system of stars, gas, dust, dark matter, etc..*
What is absolute magnitude? * The brightness of a celestial object.*
What is apparent magnitude? * The brightness of an object measured from Earth.*
What forms in the core of the sun?* Heluim*
Is our sun a part of a binary star system?* No*
What is a binary system?* Two objects in space that are close enough for their gravity will cause them to orbit around a mass.*
What is the Big Bang Theory? *A theory about how the universe began. The theory suggests that the universe expanded from a very dense state and continues expanding to this day.*
Refracting telescopes contain *objective * lenses.
Optical telescopes include *Reflecting and Refracting* telescopes.
What happened in Project Mercury?* Projects Mercury is the program by NASA that put the first Americans in space.*
What are radio telescopes? *Something used to detect radio signals from the sky.*
Who was Neil Armstrong? *The first man on the moon (but Neil A. is alien backward so what if we didn't send him to the moon, but we sent him back.)*
Why is the space shuttle beneficial? *It helps us understand our world a little bit better.*
What is speed? *The rate at which something moves*
How would you describe velocity? *Speed with direction.*
How do you graph motion?*Using Distance-Time graphs.
The time would be plotted on the X-axi, the further to the right, the longer amount of time from the start. Distance on the Y-axis, the higher up, the further from the start.*
What is acceleration? *Increasing in speed.*
A horizontal line on a speed- time graph shows* that the speed stays consistent.*
What is a balanced force? *When two equal forces act in opposite directions, it creates balanced force which means the object will stay consistent *
Describe Newton’s First Law of Motion*. A rested object stays at rest, and a moving object stays moving unless changed by an unbalanced force.*
What is static friction?* Friction that keeps an object, that isnt moving, still.*
Define air resistance. * When an object or person is moving the towards the air and the air is moving towards it, it creates a resistance*
In the second law of motion, F=* mass x acceleration.*
How do we find acceleration? **Acceleration is the change in velocity, divided by the time.
What is the third law of motion? *For every action, there is an equal reaction.*
What is a trough? *If the displacement of the medium is minimum at that point, the wave is a trough*
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What is a hertz? *The SI unit of frequencies.*
Define refraction.* A light or energy wave being deflected.*
Light waves travel faster through air than* solids.*
The speed of sound varies with *the phase of the medium* in which the wave travels.
The speed of sound changes through different *Properties.*
What is the middle ear?* An air filled area behind the eardrum.*
What determines the brightness of light?* Light intesnity is related to the square of the wave amplitude.*
What are the shortest radio waves? *AM radio waves.*
Electro magnetic waves with the highest energy are *Gamma waves.*
Define transparent and translucent. *Transparent is completely see through and translucent is semi-transparent and can almost be seen through.*
100. Lenses and mirrors are used in a *Reflecting telescope.*