Name two types of evidence used to support the theory if evolution. Explain how scientist use each type of evidence to provide support for evolution. Give one example of each
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Two types of evidence commonly used to support the theory of evolution are fossil evidence and genetic evidence.
1. Fossil Evidence: Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms. They provide a unique window into the past, allowing scientists to study the development and changes in life forms over time.
To support the theory of evolution, scientists use fossil evidence by:
- Examining the fossil record: By studying the distribution and succession of fossils in various rock layers, scientists can determine the relative ages of different species. This provides evidence of how life has evolved and diversified over millions of years.
Example: The discovery of transitional fossils, such as the Archaeopteryx, which had both reptilian and bird-like characteristics, supports the theory of evolution by showing an intermediate stage between dinosaurs and birds.
2. Genetic Evidence: The DNA of organisms contains the instructions for their development and functioning. Comparing the genetic material between different species allows scientists to trace the relationships and similarities, providing evidence for common ancestry.
To support the theory of evolution, scientists use genetic evidence by:
- Analyzing DNA and protein sequences: By comparing the genetic code of different species, scientists can identify similarities and differences. The more similar the DNA or protein sequences are between two species, the more closely related they are believed to be.
Example: Humans and chimpanzees share about 98% of their DNA, indicating a close evolutionary relationship. This genetic similarity supports the idea that humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor.
By using fossil and genetic evidence together, scientists are able to piece together the evolutionary history of life on Earth. These types of evidence not only support the theory of evolution but also provide insights into the mechanisms by which species have changed and adapted over time.
1. Molecular evidence: similar proteins and genes found in closely related species, even if those genes are not used by an organism.
2. Fossil evidence: organisms changing form over time through the fossil record.