18 g of hydrochloric acid reacts with 15 g of calcium hydroxide produce calcium chloride and water.
To understand how much calcium chloride and water will be produced in this reaction, we first need to determine the limiting reactant. The limiting reactant is the one that is completely consumed and, therefore, determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed.
Let's start by calculating the number of moles for each reactant:
The molar mass of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is approximately 36.46 g/mol.
Therefore, the number of moles of HCl is given by:
moles of HCl = mass of HCl / molar mass of HCl
= 18 g / 36.46 g/mol
≈ 0.493 mol
The molar mass of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is approximately 74.09 g/mol.
Thus, the number of moles of Ca(OH)2 is:
moles of Ca(OH)2 = mass of Ca(OH)2 / molar mass of Ca(OH)2
= 15 g / 74.09 g/mol
≈ 0.203 mol
Now, let's use the balanced chemical equation for this reaction to determine the stoichiometric ratio between the reactants and products:
2 HCl + Ca(OH)2 → CaCl2 + 2 H2O
From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of HCl react with 1 mole of Ca(OH)2 to produce 1 mole of CaCl2 and 2 moles of H2O.
Now, let's compare the moles of each reactant to the stoichiometric ratio:
For HCl:
moles of HCl (0.493 mol) / stoichiometric coefficient (2) ≈ 0.247 mol
For Ca(OH)2:
moles of Ca(OH)2 (0.203 mol) / 1 ≈ 0.203 mol
We can see that the number of moles of Ca(OH)2 is smaller than the number of moles of HCl. Therefore, Ca(OH)2 is the limiting reactant.
To find the amount of calcium chloride and water produced, we need to determine the amount produced from the limiting reactant.
From the stoichiometry, we know that 1 mole of Ca(OH)2 produces 1 mole of CaCl2. Therefore, the moles of CaCl2 produced will be equal to the moles of Ca(OH)2, which is 0.203 mol.
The molar mass of calcium chloride (CaCl2) is approximately 110.98 g/mol.
Hence, the mass of CaCl2 produced is:
mass of CaCl2 = moles of CaCl2 x molar mass of CaCl2
= 0.203 mol x 110.98 g/mol
≈ 22.6 g
Additionally, from the stoichiometry, 1 mole of Ca(OH)2 produces 2 moles of H2O. Thus, the moles of H2O produced will be:
moles of H2O = 2 x moles of Ca(OH)2
= 2 x 0.203 mol
= 0.406 mol
The molar mass of water (H2O) is approximately 18.02 g/mol.
Therefore, the mass of water produced is:
mass of H2O = moles of H2O x molar mass of H2O
= 0.406 mol x 18.02 g/mol
≈ 7.33 g
In summary, when 18 g of hydrochloric acid reacts with 15 g of calcium hydroxide, approximately 22.6 g of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and 7.33 g of water (H2O) will be produced.