1-What are the characteristics of the benzene molecule and those of the obtained product(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclo hexane).

2-The volume of used chlorine Cl when added to benzene is 240cm^3.
What minimal volume of benzene is needed so that all of chlorine reacts?
benzene density=880kg/m^3
molar volume= 24l

1- The benzene molecule is a colorless liquid with a molecular formula of C6H6. It consists of a ring of six carbon atoms, each bonded to one hydrogen atom. The benzene ring has a hexagonal shape and the carbon-carbon bonds are delocalized, resulting in a planar structure and aromatic properties. Benzene is highly stable and exhibits several unique characteristics, including:

- Aromaticity: Benzene is an aromatic compound, meaning it contains a delocalized system of electrons that confer special stability and reactivity.
- Delocalized pi electrons: The six carbon-carbon bonds in benzene exhibit partial double bond character due to the delocalization of the pi electrons in the ring.
- Planar geometry: The carbon atoms in benzene lie in the same plane, resulting in a flat, symmetrical structure.
- Physical properties: Benzene is a volatile liquid with a pleasant odor. It is immiscible with water but soluble in many organic solvents.
- Chemical reactivity: Benzene undergoes various chemical reactions, such as electrophilic aromatic substitution, which involves the replacement of a hydrogen atom with an electrophile.

On the other hand, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane is an organic compound derived from benzene. It is formed by the substitution of all six hydrogen atoms in benzene with chlorine atoms. The resulting product has the molecular formula C6H6Cl6 and exhibits different characteristics compared to benzene, including:

- Increased polarity: The addition of chlorine atoms to the benzene ring increases the polarity of the molecule, making it more soluble in polar solvents.
- Increased density: The hexachlorocyclohexane compound has a higher density compared to benzene due to the addition of chlorine atoms.
- Increased toxicity: Hexachlorocyclohexane is known to be more toxic than benzene, especially due to its persistence in the environment and potential bioaccumulation.

2- To determine the minimal volume of benzene needed for all of the chlorine to react, we can use the molar volume and density of benzene.

Given:
- Volume of chlorine (Cl) = 240 cm^3
- Density of benzene = 880 kg/m^3
- Molar volume = 24 L

First, we need to convert the given values to consistent units:

- Convert the volume of chlorine to liters:
240 cm^3 = 240/1000 L = 0.24 L

- Convert the density of benzene to the required units:
880 kg/m^3 = 880 g/L

Now, we can calculate the minimal volume of benzene needed using the following formula:

(minimal volume of benzene) = (volume of chlorine) * (molar volume of benzene) / (density of benzene)

Substituting the given values:
(minimal volume of benzene) = 0.24 L * 24 L / 880 g/L

Simplifying the expression:
(minimal volume of benzene) = 0.0164 L

Therefore, the minimal volume of benzene needed for all of the chlorine to react is approximately 0.0164 liters.

1- The benzene molecule has a hexagonal ring structure with alternating single and double bonds, making it aromatic. It has a molecular formula of C6H6 and a molecular weight of approximately 78 g/mol. It is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor and a boiling point of 80.1 °C. Benzene is highly flammable and is a known carcinogen.

On the other hand, the obtained product 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane is a chlorinated derivative of benzene. It is produced by the substitution of six chlorine atoms onto the ring structure of benzene. It has a molecular formula of C6H6Cl6 and a molecular weight of approximately 326.4 g/mol. It is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 101-102 °C. Hexachlorocyclohexane is highly toxic and persistent in the environment.

2- To determine the minimal volume of benzene needed for all of the chlorine to react, we need to use stoichiometry. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between benzene and chlorine is:

C6H6 + 6Cl2 -> C6H6Cl6

From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of benzene reacts with 6 moles of chlorine to produce 1 mole of hexachlorocyclohexane.

First, let's determine the molar volume of chlorine gas (Cl2). The molar volume is the volume occupied by one mole of a gas at a specific temperature and pressure. Given that the molar volume is 24 L, this means that 1 mole of chlorine gas occupies 24 L of volume.

Next, we need to calculate the number of moles of chlorine required for the reaction. We know that the volume of chlorine used is 240 cm^3, which is equivalent to 0.24 L (since 1 cm^3 = 1 mL = 0.001 L).

To find the number of moles, we divide the volume by the molar volume:
moles of Cl2 = volume of Cl2 / molar volume of Cl2
= 0.24 L / 24 L/mol
= 0.01 mol

According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of benzene reacts with 6 moles of chlorine. Therefore, to react with 0.01 mol of chlorine, we need:
moles of benzene = 0.01 mol / 6
= 0.0017 mol

Finally, we can calculate the required volume of benzene based on its density and the number of moles:
mass of benzene = moles of benzene * molar mass of benzene
= 0.0017 mol * 78 g/mol
= 0.1326 g

Now, we can calculate the volume of benzene using its density:
volume of benzene = mass of benzene / density of benzene
= 0.1326 g / 880 kg/m^3
= 1.51 x 10^-4 m^3
= 0.151 cm^3

Therefore, the minimal volume of benzene needed for all of the chlorine to react is approximately 0.151 cm^3.