Based on like dissolve like, determine if these compounds will be more soluble in water or an organic solvent.
1) Sodium Butyrate
I think Water
2) Phenol
I think organic
3) Aniline
I think water
4) Sodium phenoxide
I think water
To determine the solubility of a compound in water or an organic solvent, you need to consider the principle of "like dissolves like." In general, polar compounds tend to be more soluble in polar solvents, such as water, while nonpolar compounds are more soluble in nonpolar solvents, such as organic solvents.
1) Sodium Butyrate:
Sodium butyrate is a polar compound because it contains both ionic (sodium) and polar (butyrate) groups. Thus, it is more likely to be soluble in water, a polar solvent.
2) Phenol:
Phenol is a polar compound due to the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). However, it also has a considerable portion of nonpolar structure. Therefore, phenol has some solubility in water but is more soluble in organic solvents.
3) Aniline:
Aniline is a polar compound because it contains a polar amino group (-NH2) but also has a nonpolar aromatic ring. Thus, aniline tends to have some solubility in water but is more soluble in organic solvents.
4) Sodium phenoxide:
Sodium phenoxide is the salt of the aromatic compound phenol. Since it contains a phenolate ion, which is polar, sodium phenoxide is highly soluble in water due to the presence of the ionic character.
In summary, the solubility based on "like dissolves like" principle would be:
1) Sodium Butyrate: More soluble in water.
2) Phenol: Partially soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents.
3) Aniline: Partially soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents.
4) Sodium phenoxide: More soluble in water.