Which of the following is true? Choose all that apply.
a. When molecular kinetic energy transferred to a substance, the motion of the molecules in the substance increases.
b. When molecular kinetic energy is transferred away from a substance, the temperature of the substance decreases.
c. Eventually , the temperature of the object will be less than that of the surrounding water.
d. Eventually, the temperatures of the object and the surrounding water will be the same.
e. Thermal energy will continue to transfer as long as there is a temperature difference between the object and the water.
To determine which of the statements are true, let's analyze each option:
a. When molecular kinetic energy transferred to a substance, the motion of the molecules in the substance increases.
This statement is true. When molecules gain kinetic energy, they move faster and their motion increases.
b. When molecular kinetic energy is transferred away from a substance, the temperature of the substance decreases.
This statement is true. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance. When energy is transferred away, the average kinetic energy decreases, causing the temperature to decrease.
c. Eventually, the temperature of the object will be less than that of the surrounding water.
This statement is true. Heat naturally flows from higher temperature regions to lower temperature regions until equilibrium is reached. Therefore, if the object is initially at a higher temperature than the surrounding water, heat will transfer from the object to the water until their temperatures are equal.
d. Eventually, the temperatures of the object and the surrounding water will be the same.
This statement is true, as explained in the previous option. When two objects are in contact and there is heat transfer between them, they will reach thermal equilibrium wherein their temperatures become equal.
e. Thermal energy will continue to transfer as long as there is a temperature difference between the object and the water.
This statement is also true. Heat transfer occurs as long as there is a temperature difference between two objects. The transfer will continue until both objects reach the same temperature.
Based on the analysis above, the true statements are:
a. When molecular kinetic energy transferred to a substance, the motion of the molecules in the substance increases.
b. When molecular kinetic energy is transferred away from a substance, the temperature of the substance decreases.
d. Eventually, the temperatures of the object and the surrounding water will be the same.
e. Thermal energy will continue to transfer as long as there is a temperature difference between the object and the water.