How are cohesion and adhesion properties of water linked to photosynthesis

Assignment: maximum of 3 pages
Introduction, main body, conclusion, reference (havard referencing system)

Yes

Evapotranspiration

Yes

Photosynthesis needs water in the leaves,but the water is absorbed from the ground via roots.transpiration happens because all water molecules stick together cause of adhesion and cohesion holds the hydrogen bonds.

Assignment: maximum of 3 pages

Introduction, main body, conclusion, reference (havard referencing system)

To understand how cohesion and adhesion properties of water are linked to photosynthesis, we first need to understand what these properties are and then explore their significance in the process of photosynthesis.

Cohesion refers to the attraction between molecules of the same substance. In the case of water, this attraction is due to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules. Adhesion, on the other hand, refers to the attraction between molecules of different substances. In the case of water, adhesion occurs when water molecules are attracted to other molecules with partial positive or negative charges, such as those found in plant cells.

In photosynthesis, plants use the energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process occurs in specialized organelles called chloroplasts, which are found in plant cells. The role of cohesion and adhesion in photosynthesis can be understood in the following ways:

1. Water transport in plants: Cohesion and adhesion properties of water play a crucial role in the transport of water within the plant. Water is transported from the roots to the leaves through a network of specialized cells called xylem vessels. Cohesion between water molecules allows for a continuous column of water to be pulled up from the roots to the leaves, defying gravity. Adhesion between water molecules and the cell walls of the xylem vessels helps in maintaining the integrity of the column of water and prevents it from collapsing. This upward movement of water, also known as transpiration, allows for the transport of essential nutrients and minerals required for photosynthesis.

2. Gas exchange in leaves: During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is taken up by the leaves, while oxygen is released as a byproduct. The exchange of gases between the leaf and the atmosphere occurs through structures called stomata, which are small pores on the surface of leaves. Cohesion and adhesion properties of water help in the opening and closing of stomata. When the plant undergoes transpiration, water is lost from the leaves, creating a low water potential. This triggers the opening of stomata, allowing carbon dioxide to enter the leaf. The cohesion between water molecules helps in maintaining turgidity (stiffness) of the cells surrounding the stomata, while adhesion helps in the movement of water through the plant, ensuring efficient gas exchange for photosynthesis.

3. Enzymatic reactions in photosynthesis: Photosynthesis involves several enzymatic reactions within the chloroplasts of plants. Water is not only a reactant in these reactions but also serves as a medium for the transport of other molecules required for photosynthesis. The cohesive nature of water allows for efficient transportation of substances within cells, facilitating the movement of reactants and products between different parts of the chloroplast. Adhesion ensures the adhesion of reactants to the chloroplast membranes, facilitating the enzymatic reactions involved in photosynthesis.

In conclusion, the cohesion and adhesion properties of water are crucial for the process of photosynthesis in several ways. These properties aid in the transport of water and nutrients within the plant, enable gas exchange through stomata, and facilitate enzymatic reactions within the chloroplasts. Understanding the significance of cohesion and adhesion in photosynthesis provides insights into the remarkable adaptability and efficiency of plants in harnessing sunlight to produce energy-rich molecules.

References:
1. Raven, PH, Evert, RF, & Eichhorn, SE. (2021). Biology of Plants. 9th Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company.
2. Taiz, L., & Zeiger, E. (2010). Plant Physiology (5th Edition). Sinauer Associates, Inc.