I hear the mournful wail of millions, whose chains, heavy and grievous yesterday, are to-day rendered more intolerable by the jubilant shouts that reach them.
Which definition of rendered is most likely suited for this line?
Caused to be a certain nature
Melted down
Repeated or recited
Submitted for approval
I think that it would be repeated or recited, or caused to be a certain nature. I know it definitley wouldn't be melted down.
I disagree; I think "caused to be a certain nature" is a more convincing answer. The mournful wails of yesterday are made more intolerable today, i.e. their nature was changed to a more intolerable one.
I agree -- repeated or recited.
In the context of the given line, the definition of "rendered" that is most likely suited is "caused to be a certain nature." This suggests that the jubilant shouts have made the chains of millions even more unbearable. Therefore, your assessment is correct. The term "rendered" here implies that the oppressive nature of the chains has been heightened by the contrasting jubilant shouts.
The phrase "rendered more intolerable" in the given line suggests that the word "rendered" is being used to describe a change or transformation that has made something worse or more difficult.
From the options provided, the most suitable definition of "rendered" in this context would be "caused to be a certain nature." This definition implies that something has been made in a particular state or condition. In this case, the chains, which were heavy and grievous yesterday, have been transformed or changed in a way that has made them even more unbearable.
It is unlikely that "rendered" refers to "melted down" in this context because there is no mention of anything being physically melted or liquefied. Similarly, "submitted for approval" does not fit because it does not convey the sense of a change or transformation occurring.
Overall, the most appropriate definition of "rendered" in this line is "caused to be a certain nature."