Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, when heated decomposes to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Calculate the mass of calcium oxide formed when 2.0 grams of CaCO3 is decomposed.

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To calculate the mass of calcium oxide (CaO) formed when 2.0 grams of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is decomposed, you need to determine the molar mass of each compound and use stoichiometry to find the mass of calcium oxide produced.

Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of CaCO3
The molar mass of calcium (Ca) is 40.08 g/mol.
The molar mass of carbon (C) is 12.01 g/mol.
The molar mass of oxygen (O) is 16.00 g/mol.

To find the molar mass of CaCO3:
Molar mass of CaCO3 = (Ca: 1 atom x 40.08 g/mol) + (C: 1 atom x 12.01 g/mol) + (O: 3 atoms x 16.00 g/mol)
Molar mass of CaCO3 = 40.08 g/mol + 12.01 g/mol + 48.00 g/mol
Molar mass of CaCO3 = 100.09 g/mol

Step 2: Determine the ratio of CaO to CaCO3
Based on the balanced equation, 1 mol of CaCO3 decomposes to produce 1 mol of CaO.
Therefore, the ratio of CaO to CaCO3 is 1:1.

Step 3: Calculate the moles of CaCO3
Given mass of CaCO3 = 2.0 grams

To find the moles of CaCO3:
moles of CaCO3 = mass of CaCO3 / molar mass of CaCO3
moles of CaCO3 = 2.0 g / 100.09 g/mol

Step 4: Calculate the mass of CaO
Since the ratio of CaO to CaCO3 is 1:1, the moles of CaO will be the same as the moles of CaCO3.

To find the mass of CaO:
mass of CaO = moles of CaO x molar mass of CaO
mass of CaO = moles of CaCO3 x molar mass of CaO
mass of CaO = moles of CaCO3 x (Ca: 1 atom x 40.08 g/mol + O: 1 atom x 16.00 g/mol)
mass of CaO = moles of CaCO3 x (40.08 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol)
mass of CaO = moles of CaCO3 x 56.08 g/mol

Now, substituting the value of moles of CaCO3 calculated earlier:
mass of CaO = (2.0 g / 100.09 g/mol) x 56.08 g/mol
mass of CaO = 1.118 g

Therefore, when 2.0 grams of CaCO3 is decomposed, the mass of CaO formed is approximately 1.118 grams.