In a population-based cohort study, an entire community was interviewed regarding smoking habits and then followed for one year. All lung cancer deaths were ascertained and the following data were available:
•Fifteen (15) lung cancer deaths occurred among 24,500 smokers
•Two (2) lung cancer deaths occurred among 10,500 non-smokers
Calculate the following and interpret your results in each case.
1.Calculate the proper measure of association of smoking and lung cancer.
The relative risk is used to measure the association of smoking and lung cancer.
Using the Rater Ratio to estimate the RR
= 15/100000 =7.5
2/100000
Relative Risk=1
The relative risk is greater than 1 which shows an association between exposure and disease and there is an exposure between smoking and lung cancer.
2.Calculate the population risk difference.
Risk Difference = AR = I of smoker – I of non- smoker
Smoke Lung Cancer Total
Yes No
Yes
Calculate the population attributable risk for smoking and lung cancer. ? need help calculating
Probably a duplicate post. See below.
can you help me! Please!!!!
A new screening test for a disease is developed for use in the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the new test are 60% and 70%, respectively. Four hundred (400) people are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is implemented. (Assume the true prevalence of the disease among clinic attendees is 10%.)Calculate the following values:
The predictive value of a positive test and The number of false positives is
To calculate the population attributable risk (PAR) for smoking and lung cancer, you need to follow these steps:
1. Calculate the incidence of lung cancer among smokers (I_smokers):
I_smokers = Number of lung cancer deaths among smokers / Total number of smokers
= 15 / 24,500
2. Calculate the incidence of lung cancer among non-smokers (I_non-smokers):
I_non-smokers = Number of lung cancer deaths among non-smokers / Total number of non-smokers
= 2 / 10,500
3. Calculate the population attributable risk (PAR) for smoking and lung cancer:
PAR = (I_smokers - I_non-smokers) / I_smokers
= (15 / 24,500 - 2 / 10,500) / (15 / 24,500)
Now let's calculate the PAR:
PAR = (15/24500 - 2/10500) / (15/24500)
= (0.0006122 - 0.0001905) / 0.0006122
= 0.0004217 / 0.0006122
= 0.6888
The population attributable risk (PAR) for smoking and lung cancer is approximately 0.6888.
Interpretation: The PAR represents the proportion of lung cancer cases in the population that could be attributed to smoking. In this case, approximately 68.88% of lung cancer cases in the population can be attributed to smoking.