Why does meiosis and fertilization lead to the greatest variety of genetic combinations ? . iM doing test corrections and I am struggling to explain the question above . So far all i said was that that was the only answer that made sense but i need more details , please help me if you can .
Read this:
http://www.life.illinois.edu/bio100/lectures/s10lects/10s10-meiosis.html
Meiosis and fertilization lead to the greatest variety of genetic combinations because they involve two important processes: genetic recombination and independent assortment.
In meiosis, which occurs during the formation of gametes (sex cells), the DNA in the parent cells is divided in a specific way. This process includes two rounds of cell division, resulting in the production of four haploid cells (gametes). Importantly, during meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over or genetic recombination. This means that parts of chromosomes can be swapped between the pair, creating new combinations of genetic information.
During fertilization, two haploid gametes from different parents combine to form a diploid zygote (a fertilized egg). Since each parent contributes a different set of chromosomes, and these chromosomes can undergo genetic recombination during meiosis, the resulting combination of genetic material in the zygote is unique. This process is further enhanced by independent assortment.
Independent assortment occurs during meiosis when homologous chromosomes line up along the cell's equator and separate randomly. This means that each gamete can receive a random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes, leading to additional variation in the genetic combinations in the offspring.
Overall, meiosis and fertilization work together to create a significant amount of genetic diversity in offspring. Through genetic recombination and independent assortment, these processes generate new combinations of genetic material, resulting in offspring that have unique genetic characteristics and traits.